Phylogenetics of<i>Escallonia</i>(Escalloniaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data

Sede, Silvana M.; Dürnhöfer, Sofía I.; Morello, Santiago; Zapata, Felipe

doi:10.1111/boj.12091

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…40 species of shrubs, especially in the Andes. In Argentina there are 16 species ( Zuloaga et al 2008 ) and the Sierras CSL endemic Escallonia cordobensis has been included in the phylogenetic study of Sede et al (2013) , forming a polytomy with Escallonia petrophila , Escallonia ledifolia , Escallonia farinacea , Escallonia bifida and Escallonia laevis , which are taxa distributed in northeastern Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Eryngium agavifolium , included in the phylogeny by Calviño et al (2008) joined in a well-supported clade with Eryngium elegans , which is widely distributed in southern South America. Escallonia cordobensis was included in the phylogeny by Sede et al (2013) , forming an unresolved clade with Escallonia petrophila , Escallonia ledifolia , Escallonia farinacea , Escallonia bifida and Escallonia laevis , Escallonia hypoglauca and Escallonia tucumanensis . All these species are barely differentiated ( Sede et al 2013 : 173), which suggests that the group evolved realtively recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant endemism in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (Argentina): understanding links between phylogeny and regional biogeographical patterns1

Chiapella¹,

Demaio²

2015

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We compiled a checklist with all known endemic plants occurring in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis, an isolated mountainous range located in central Argentina. In order to obtain a better understanding of the evolutionary history, relationships and age of the regional flora, we gathered basic information on the biogeographical and floristic affinities of the endemics, and documented the inclusion of each taxon in molecular phylogenies. We listed 89 taxa (including 69 species and 20 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 53 genera and 29 families. The endemics are not distributed evenly, being more abundant in the lower than in the middle and upper vegetation belts. Thirty-two genera (60.3%) have been included in phylogenetic analyses, but only ten (18.8%) included local endemic taxa. A total of 28 endemic taxa of the Sierras CSL have a clear relationship with a widespread species of the same genus, or with one found close to the area. Available phylogenies for some taxa show divergence times between 7.0 – 1.8 Ma; all endemic taxa are most probably neoendemics sensu Stebbins and Major. Our analysis was specifically aimed at a particular geographic area, but the approach of analyzing phylogenetic patterns together with floristic or biogeographical relationships of the endemic taxa of an area, delimited by clear geomorphological features, could reveal evolutionary trends shaping the area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant endemism in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (Argentina): understanding links between phylogeny and regional biogeographical patterns1

Chiapella¹,

Demaio²

2015

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“…Adaptative morphological convergence among species that colonized areas with similar ecological conditions at high mountains may explain why clades within Calyceraceae cannot be easily distinguished by exclusive morphological characters or a unique combinations of characters (except in the Acicarpha group with extra-Andean species), suggesting that high levels of homoplasy may characterize morphological evolution in the family. A similar situation of geographically structured clades with high levels of morphological homoplasy was described for the Andean genus Escallonia Mutis ex L.f. (Sede & al., 2013).…”

Section: Version Of Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Calyceraceae

Denham

Zavala-Gallo

Johnson

et al. 2016

TAXON

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Calyceraceae is a small family with six traditionally recognized genera and 47 species from southern South America. Most species grow along the Andes (of both Argentina and Chile) and in arid regions of the Patagonian steppe. This family belongs to the well‐supported MGCA clade within Asterales, which includes Menyanthaceae+Goodeniaceae+Calyceraceae+ Asteraceae. Calyceraceae is monophyletic and sister to Asteraceae, one of the five largest families of angiosperms. Although Calyceraceae is clearly distinct as a family, its genera are not, and taxonomic revisionary effort has confirmed the lack of sharp boundaries among genera. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Calyceraceae with a broad taxon sampling (41 of 47 species), and with sequence data from multiple regions from the nuclear (ITS) and plastid genomes (ycg6‐psbM, psbM‐trnD, trnS‐trnG, trnH‐psbA, trnD‐trnT) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We aimed at identifying monophylectic groups, their putative morphological synapomorphies and their geographical distribution; we also estimated divergence times and examined chromosomes numbers in an evolutionary context. We obtained well‐resolved and strongly supported phylogenies that show Calyceraceae to be divided into two major clades with geographically structured subclades within each. Our results indicate that an early split within Calyceraceae occurred about 27.4 Ma, probably related to differential changes in chromosome numbers, which allowed the two lineages to evolve in sympatry. We found that major natural subgroups diverged 15–12 Ma, following the Early‐Miocene South Andes construction stage. Finally, the diversification of the extant species is probably associated to Andean orogeny and climate changes in the last 5–4 Myr. We recovered Acicarpha as monophyletic, while the remaining traditionally recognized genera of Calyceraceae are para‐ or polyphyletic. Most species of Moschopis are included in the Glutinose group, but M. monocephala is more closely related to some Calycera species. Calycera is divided into two clades; the Calycera group and the Pilose group. All species of Nastanthus are placed in a well‐supported main group with species of Gamocarpha and Boopis. Gamocarpha could be monophyletic after exclusion of G. dentata and G. angustifolia, but is nested within Nastanthus and Boopis species. Boopis is clearly polyphyletic with its species distributed in all main groups.

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“…Although relationships within Escalloniaceae and between Escalloniaceae and other Campanulids are not fully resolved (Tank and Donoghue, 2010;Beaulieu and O'Meara, 2018), the monophyly of Escallonia is strongly supported (Sede et al, 2013;Zapata, 2013). Most Escallonia species are distributed along the Andes, from northern Venezuela to southern Argentina, and the mountains of Costa Rica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "A new species of Escallonia (Escalloniaceae) from the inter-Andean tropical dry forests of Bolivia (v0.1)"

2019

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Over the last two decades, renewed fieldwork in poorly explored areas of the tropical Andes has dramatically increased the comparative material available to study patterns of inter-and intraspecific variation in tropical plants. In the course of a comprehensive study of the genus Escallonia, we found a group of specimens with decumbent branching, small narrowly elliptic leaves, inflorescences with up to three flowers, and flowers with red petals. This unique combination of traits was not present in any known species of the genus. To evaluate the hypothesis that these specimens belonged to a new species, we assessed whether morphological variation between the putative new species and all currently known Escallonia species was discontinuous. The lack of overlap in tolerance regions for vegetative and reproductive traits combined with differences in habit, habitat, and geographic distribution supported the hypothesis of the new species, which we named Escallonia harrisii. The new species grows in sandstone inter-Andean ridges and cliffs covered with dry forest, mostly on steep slopes between 1,300-2,200 m in southern Bolivia. It is readily distinct in overall leaf and flower morphology from other Escallonia species in the region, even though it does not grow in sympatry with other species. Because E. harrisii is locally common it may not be threated at present, but due to its restricted geographic distribution and the multiple threats of the tropical dry forests it could become potentially vulnerable.

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Phylogenetics ofEscallonia(Escalloniaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Plant endemism in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (Argentina): understanding links between phylogeny and regional biogeographical patterns1

Plant endemism in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis (Argentina): understanding links between phylogeny and regional biogeographical patterns1

Insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Calyceraceae

Peer Review #2 of "A new species of Escallonia (Escalloniaceae) from the inter-Andean tropical dry forests of Bolivia (v0.1)"

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