Phylogenetic Studies in Centrospermae: A Brief Appraisal

Hershkovitz, Mark

doi:10.2307/1222636

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…-The Caryophyllales (or Centrospermae) consist ofapproximately 11 core families. Although the delimitation of some families is uncertain and their phylogenetic relationships are a contentious issue, it is accepted widely that the order is monophyletic (Ehrendorfer, 1976;Mabry, 1977;Rodman et al, 1984;Hershkovitz, 1989). The occurrence of PIli-type sieve element plastids and bound ferulic acids in unlignified cell walls unites the members of the order.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Independent Losses of the Chloroplast DNA rpl2 Intron in Dicotyledons: Molecular and Phylogenetic Implications

Downie¹,

Olmstead²,

Zurawski³

et al. 1991

Evolution

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Previous studies have shown that in several angiosperms and the liverwort Marchantia the chloroplast gene rpl2, encoding ribosomal protein L2, is interrupted by an intron, but that in spinach (Spinacia oleracea, Caryophyllales) this intron has been lost. We have determined the distribution of the rpl2 intron for 390 species representing 116 angiosperm families. Filter hybridizations reveal that the intron is absent from the chloroplast genomes of all examined families of the Caryophyllales, suggesting that the intron was lost in the common ancestor of the order. Sequencing of the rpl2 gene in five genera of the Caryophyllaies and in Rumex (Polygonales) not only confirms the filter hybridization results, but also shows that for all taxa lacking the intron, the rpl2 gene has undergone a precise deletion of the intron. In all cases, it is the original rpl2 gene that has sustained loss ofits intron. This implies that in chloroplast DNA, integration ofexogenous genes (e.g., a reverse transcript of a spliced mRNA) occurs mainly by homologous, replacement recombination, rather than by illegitimate recombination elsewhere in the genome. Filter hybridizations also reveal that the rpl2 intron was lost independently in the common ancestors of at least five other lineages ofdicotyledons: Saxifragaceae (s.s.), Convolvulaceae (including Cuscuta), Menyanthaceae, two genera of Geraniaceae, and one genus of Droseraceae. The molecular and phylogenetic implications of these independent intron losses are discussed.

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Section: Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Independent Losses of the Chloroplast DNA rpl2 Intron in Dicotyledons: Molecular and Phylogenetic Implications

Downie¹,

Olmstead²,

Zurawski³

et al. 1991

Evolution

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“…The latter, a derived sister group of the Caryophyllineae, contained three clades, the basal "cohort Nyctaginares" iNyctaginaceae and Phytolaccaceae), the intermediate "cohort Amaranthares" (Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae), and the derived "cohort Portu1acares" (Aizoaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, Basellaceae, and Didiereaeeae). This analysis was criticized (Levin, 1985;Bittrich & Hartmann 1988;Hershkovitz, 1989)for incorrect assessment of homology, binary coding of multistate characters, variability within terminal taxa and polarity assessment. While Rodman (1985Rodman ( , 1990responded to these criticisms and modified the treatment somewhat, the phylogenetic interpretation remains essentially unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales ‐ gene sequence data

Rettig

Wilson

Manhart

1992

TAXON

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of the Caryophyllales -gene sequence data. -Taxon 41: 201-209. 1992. -ISSN 0040-0262. Phylogenetic relationships among selected families of the Caryophyllales were examined by analyses of nucleotide sequences of the large subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL). Sequences from 12 Caryophyllalean families were examined using parsimony and bootstrap analysis. The parsimony analysis produced two minimal trees with 778 steps. Major clades supported by bootstrap analysis are (1) Amaranthus {Amaranthaceae), Atriplexand Spinacia (Chenopodiaceae); (2) Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae), Rivina (Petiveriaceae), Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae) and Trianthema (Aizoaceae); (3) Basella (Basellaceae), Alluaudia (Didiereaceae), Portulaca (Portulacaceae) and Schlumbergera (Cactaceae); and (4) Silene, Dianthus, Arenaria and Cerastium (Caryophyllaceae). The Caryophyllaceae and Mollugo are the only taxa examined that do not produce betalains but they are neither closely allied nor basal to other elements of the order. Stegnosperma is not allied with the Mirabilis-Rivina-Phytolacca-Trianthema clade. Thus, the Phytolaccaceae (s.L) are not monophyletic.

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“…Generic composition of Phytolaccaceae, for example, has undergone a continuous thinning, with the recognition of Stegnospermataceae, Achatocarpaceae (as in APG, 1998), and sometimes also Petiveriaceae, Agdestidaceae, Gisekiaceae, and Barbeuiaceae (Nakai, 1942) as separate families. A morphological phylogenetic analysis of the order by Rodman et al (1984) was criticized by Hershkovitz (1989), who wrote that because of several problems (mainly choice of outgroup, def-inition of taxonomic units, and polymorphic characters within units) the results were less satisfactory than Cronquist's classification (1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences

Cuénoud

Savolainen

Chatrou

et al. 2002

American J of Botany

516

361

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To study the inter- and infrafamilial phylogenetic relationships in the order Caryophyllales sensu lato (s.l.), ∼930 base pairs of the matK plastid gene have been sequenced and analyzed for 127 taxa. In addition, these sequences have been combined with the rbcL plastid gene for 53 taxa and with the rbcL and atpB plastid genes as well as the nuclear 18S rDNA for 26 taxa to provide increased support for deeper branches. The red pigments of Corbichonia, Lophiocarpus, and Sarcobatus have been tested and shown to belong to the betacyanin class of compounds. Most taxa of the order are clearly grouped into two main clades (i.e., "core" and "noncore" Caryophyllales) which are, in turn, divided into well-defined subunits. Phytolaccaceae and Molluginaceae are polyphyletic, and Portulacaceae are paraphyletic, whereas Agdestidaceae, Barbeuiaceae, Petiveriaceae, and Sarcobataceae should be given familial recognition. Two additional lineages are potentially appropriate to be elevated to the family level in the future: the genera Lophiocarpus and Corbichonia form a well-supported clade on the basis of molecular and chemical evidence, and Limeum appears to be separated from other Molluginaceae based on both molecular and ultrastructural data.

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Phylogenetic Studies in Centrospermae: A Brief Appraisal

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Six Independent Losses of the Chloroplast DNA rpl2 Intron in Dicotyledons: Molecular and Phylogenetic Implications

Six Independent Losses of the Chloroplast DNA rpl2 Intron in Dicotyledons: Molecular and Phylogenetic Implications

Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales ‐ gene sequence data

Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences

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