Phylogenetic Relationships of Pogoniinae (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae): An Herbaceous Example of the Eastern North America-Eastern Asia Phytogeographic Disjunction

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships within subtribe Pogoniinae (Vanilloideae: Orchidaceae) are evaluated with analyses of plastid rbcL DNA sequences, nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences, morphology, and combined evidence. All these matrices produced patterns that agree on the broader phylogenetic relationship within the clade. Duckeella is sister to all Pogoniinae, South American species of Ckistes are monophyletic, Pogmia is monophyletic and part of a larger clade of temperate taxa (/sotria, Pogmia, and Cleistes divariicata) from North America and Asia. The structure of the cladograms and the high levels of bootstrap support strongly indicate that the genus C/eistes is paraphyletic. The disjunction between tropical South American and temperate North American taxa as well as the disjunction between Pogonia ophioglassoMTes in eastern North America with P. minor and P.&mnica in eastern Asia are best explained by speciation following a northward longdistance dispersal and subsequent northwestward migration via Bering land bridges in the Tertiary. This phylogenetic study adds an additional herbaceous example to the growing list of plants that demonstrate this classical biogeographic pattern.

A Comparison and Combination of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences for Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships within Orchidaceae

“…3 to highlight variation in branch lengths. Overall, the strict consensus of these trees is similar to published phylogenetic reconstructions for Orchidaceae (e.g., Kores et al 1997;Cameron et al 1999;Freudenstein and Chase 2001). The five subfamilies recognized by Pridgeon et al (1999) are monophyletic and each is supported by high jackknife support ranging from 87-100%.…”

“…based on ca. 10% greater taxon sampling than the rbcL consensus tree for Orchidaceae published by Cameron et al (1999), but differ only slightly. Although there is no jackknife support for the relationships among the five subfamilies, they are fully resolved as follows: Epidendroideae are sister to Orchidoideae, Vanilloideae are sister to this pair, followed by Cypripedioideae, and with Apostasioideae sister to all the remaining orchids.…”

“…1500 basepairs [bp]) were obtained from 173 species of Orchidaceae Cameron ALISO (representing I 50 different genera) and nine genera from Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanariaceae to serve as outgroup taxa. In order to fill in taxonomic gaps and to compare these data with the published rbcL phylogeny of Orchidaceae (Cameron et al 1999), an additional 30 new sequences of rbcL were also completed; the remaining rbcL sequences were downloaded from GenBank as indicated in Table 1. This resulted in completely congruent matrices for all 182 taxa at the generic level.…”

“…The rbcL matrix used by Chase et al (1994) was expanded substantially by Cameron et a!. (1999) to include 158 ingroup and 13 outgroup taxa.…”

Caracterización estomática de cinco especies del género Vanilla.

“…El género Vanilla comprende más de 110 especies que se desarrollan en las áreas tropicales del mundo (Cameron y Chase, 1999;Soto-Arenas, 2003;SotoArenas y Cribb, 2010). V. planifolia G. Jackson es la especie más importante por sus características aromáticas y demanda en la industria alimentaria, debido a que el 95% de la producción mundial proviene de esta especie (Bory et al, 2008).…”