Phylogenetic relationships among Dorema, Ferula and Leutea (Apiaceae: Scandiceae: Ferulinae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA noncoding sequences

Abstract

Dorema, Ferula and Leutea are genera of Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae, subtribe Ferulinae. Their placement in Scandiceae was established based only on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequence variation. Previous molecular studies suggested that Dorema and Leutea are nested within Ferula. To confirm relationships and eventual nomenclatural changes, we increased taxonomic sampling and examined nrDNA ITS and three noncoding cpDNA markers: rpoB‐trnC intergenic spacer and rps16 and rpoC1 introns. Ninety‐one species were included representing 68 species of Ferula, 6 species of Dorema, 9 species of Leutea and 8 outgroup taxa. Nuclear and plastid DNA data were analysed separately and combined using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches; based on the set of Bayesian trees several topological hypotheses on relationships among these genera were tested. As nrDNA and cpDNA gene trees differed somewhat, the degree of topological conflict was assessed using internode certainty (IC) and tree certainty (TC) measures calculated from ML bootstrap analyses. In all analyses, Leutea was monophyletic. In nrDNA trees it was nested within Ferula (with low support), while in cpDNA it was sister to the Ferula + Dorema clade. In all analyses, Dorema species were placed in one subclade of Ferula and intermingled with its members. IC support for the sister position of Leutea to remaining Ferulinae and the TC support were higher in combined analyses than in the analyses of cpDNA data alone, indicating that the gene trees are not significantly different with respect to this internode. Our results do not contradict the taxonomic position of Leutea as a separate genus but suggest that Dorema should be subsumed within Ferula.

Phylogeny of Apiaceae subtribe Daucinae and the taxonomic delineation of its genera

“…Therefore, for a representative set of accessions comprising 18 genera and 59 species of Daucinae we also included three chloroplast markers, the rpoC1 and rps16 introns and the rpoB-trnC intergenic spacer. These markers have already been employed in phylogenetic analyses of umbellifers Downie & al., 2000b;Calviño & al., 2010;Panahi & al., 2015).…”

“…The rps16 intron was amplified using external primers 5exonC and 3exonR from Calviño & al. (2006) or s16exF and s16exR from Panahi & al. (2015); additionally, two internal primers, s16inF and s16inR were also used (Panahi & al., 2015).…”

“…(2015); additionally, two internal primers, s16inF and s16inR were also used (Panahi & al., 2015). The complete rpoC1 intron and parts of the flanking exon regions were amplified using external primers C1exF and C1exR; additionally, internal primers C1inF and C1inR were used to amplify this marker in part and to sequence difficult samples (Panahi & al., 2015). The details of the PCR reactions are provided elsewhere (Panahi & al., 2015).…”

Application and limitation of molecular data and essential oil content in identification of Leutea elbursensis Mozaff in northern Iran

“…Ferula violacea Korovin and F. olivacea (Diels) H. Wolff. were chosen as outgroup taxa after Panahi et al (2015). Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the ITS dataset was performed with PAUP* (Swofford 2002).…”

“…Spalik and Downie integrated the whole Leutea species into the genus Ferula (see Kurzyana-Mlynik et al 2008). Recent works of Panahi et al (2015) suggested that species of Leutea should be re-established from Ferula again.…”