An endemic genus of Madagascan spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae, Eriauchenius) is revised. All 20 species of Eriauchenius are described and keyed, of which 14 are new species: Eriauchenius
andriamanelo
sp. n., Eriauchenius
andrianampoinimerina
sp. n., Eriauchenius
goodmani
sp. n., Eriauchenius
harveyi
sp. n., Eriauchenius
lukemacaulayi
sp. n., Eriauchenius
milajaneae
sp. n., Eriauchenius
milloti
sp. n., Eriauchenius
rafohy
sp. n., Eriauchenius
ranavalona
sp. n., Eriauchenius
rangita
sp. n., Eriauchenius
rixi
sp. n., Eriauchenius
sama
sp. n., Eriauchenius
wunderlichi
sp. n., Eriauchenius
zirafy
sp. n. Additionally, six species of the new genus Madagascarchaea
gen. n. are described and keyed, of which four are new species: Madagascarchaea
fohy
sp. n., Madagascarchaea
lotzi
sp. n., Madagascarchaea
moramora
sp. n., Madagascarchaea
rabesahala
sp. n. Diagnostic characters for the Madagascan and African genera are described, and based on these characters and previous phylogenetic analyses the following species transfers are proposed: Eriauchenius
cornutus (Lotz, 2003) to Afrarchaea; Afrarchaea
fisheri (Lotz, 2003) and Afrarchaea
mahariraensis (Lotz, 2003) to Eriauchenius. Finally, we propose that the distribution of Afrarchaea be restricted to South Africa. While several Madagascan specimens have previously been identified as Afrarchaea
godfreyi (Hewitt, 1919), we argue that these are likely misidentifications that should instead be Eriauchenius.