Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system of basal araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Huckstorf, Katarina; Michalik, Peter; Ramı́rez, Martı́n J.; Wirkner, Christian S.

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.003

Cited by 14 publications

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References 14 publications

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“…The only other chelicerate taxon in which complex cardiac arteries can be observed is Xiphosura, but these are additionally characterized by numerous anastomoses (G€ opel and Wirkner, 2015). Such anastomoses between cardiac arteries could not be observed in Arachnopulmonata (Wirkner and Prendini, 2007;Huckstorf et al, 2013Huckstorf et al, , 2015 this study).…”

contrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The morphology of the HVSs in Uropygi and Amblypygi correspond in various aspects not only with each other but also with the vascular systems in other Arachnopulmonata ( sensu Sharma et al, ; see, e.g., Wirkner and Prendini, ; Klußmann‐Fricke et al, ; Huckstorf et al, and references therein). When analyzed in detail, the HVS in Arachnopulmonata show various correspondences in the overall branching pattern and most particularly in the supply of the prosomal ganglion (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In some arachnopulmonate taxa, this level of complexity has been observed, not only in the hemolymph vascular systems (HVS) in general, but especially in the arterial systems of the prosomal ganglion. The prosomal ganglia of scorpions and spiders are supplied by intricate networks of arteries, which bear a close resemblance to the complexity of vertebrate capillary systems (Huckstorf et al, ; Klußmann‐Fricke et al, ). However, detailed data on the HVS in Pedipalpi (i.e., Amblypygi and Uropygi) is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a comparative survey on the evolutionary morphology of the HVS in chelicerates (see, e.g., Wirkner and Prendini, ; Klußmann‐Fricke et al, , in press; Huckstorf et al, ; Göpel and Wirkner, and references therein), this article addresses the HVS in Amblypygi and Uropygi. The principal aim of this study is twofold: first, to visualize and describe in detail the HVSs of various representatives of Amblypygi and Uropygi and, second, to compare the resulting data with the available literature regarding the HVS in the aforementioned taxa (Causard, ; Börner, ; Schminkewitsch ; Buxton, ; Kästner, ; Weygoldt, ) and in other arachnopulmonates (i.e., Scorpiones and Araneae; Huckstorf et al, ; Klußmann‐Fricke et al, , in press and references therein). We apply a variety of modern morphological methods to obtain the required level of detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in Uropygi and Amblypygi (Arachnida): Complex correspondences support Arachnopulmonata

Klußmann-Fricke

Wirkner

2016

Journal of Morphology

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Although the circulatory system of arthropods has long been considered as rather simple, recent studies have demonstrated that in certain arthropod taxa, such as Malacostraca, some Chilopoda and also many Chelicerata, the vascular systems in particular are rather complex. Furthermore, a recent study has revealed that the prosomal ganglion of scorpions and spiders is supplied by an intricate network of arteries, the complexity of which bears a close resemblance to that of vertebrate capillary systems. In this study, we analyzed the hemolymph vascular systems of various species of Pedipalpi (i.e., Amblypygi and Uropygi). By combining modern techniques, such as MicroCT and cLSM, with computer-based 3D-reconstruction, we were able to produce comprehensive visualizations and descriptions of the vascular systems. Despite the lack of well-corroborated phylogenetic hypotheses on arachnid relationships and the controversial assertion of relationships between the pulmonate arachnids, we aim to elucidate the evolution of complex vascular systems in Arachnida. By comparing these highly complex vascular systems not only with each other, but also with other pulmonate arachnids, we found numerous detailed correspondences in the general branching pattern as well as in the supply patterns of the prosomal ganglion. We argue that these numerous and detailed correspondences by their absence in other arachnids i.e. aplumonates, support Arachnopulmonata. J. Morphol. 277:1084-1103, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in Uropygi and Amblypygi (Arachnida): Complex correspondences support Arachnopulmonata

Klußmann-Fricke

Wirkner

2016

Journal of Morphology

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“…(). It not only refutes important higher level groups (Paleo‐ and Neocribellatae, Araneoclada, Haplogynae; see Taxonomy below), but it begs for a substantial re‐interpretation of the evolution of important characters, such as respiratory and circulatory systems (see Huckstorf et al., ). This clade is well supported after the addition of the TR backbone tree, which contains Hypochilus and Filistata (Fig.…”

Section: Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

et al. 2016

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We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher‐level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae (restored status) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb‐weavers, compatible with their non‐monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae (Malenella, from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae (Chumma) (new syn.) and Tasmarubriinae (Tasmarubrius, Tasmabrochus and Teeatta, from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria, Cryphoeca, Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae). Desidae are rede...

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High degree of non-genetic phenotypic variation in the vascular system of crayfish: a discussion of possible causes and implications

et al. 2021

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In this study, the hemolymph vascular system (HVS) in two cambarid crayfishes, i.e. the Marbled Crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017 and the Spiny Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), is investigated in regard of areas of non-genetic phenotypic variation. Despite their genetic identity, specimens of P. virginalis show variability in certain features of the HVS. Thus, we describe varying branching patterns, sporadic anastomoses, and different symmetry states in the vascular system of the marbled crayfish. We visualize our findings by application of classical and modern morphological methods, e.g. injection of casting resin, micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing our findings for P. virginalis to the vasculature in sexually reproducing crayfishes, i.e. F. limosus and Astacus astacus, we discuss phenotypic variation of the HVS in arthropods in general. We conclude that constant features of the HVS are hereditary, whereas varying states identified by study of the clonal P. virginalis must be caused by non-genetic factors and, that congruent variations in sexually reproducing F. limosus and A. astacus are likely also non-genetic phenotypic variations. Both common causal factors for non-genetic phenotypic variation, i.e., phenotypic plasticity and stochastic developmental variation are discussed along our findings regarding the vascular systems. Further aspects, such as the significance of non-genetic phenotypic variation for phylogenetic interpretations are discussed.

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Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system of basal araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in Uropygi and Amblypygi (Arachnida): Complex correspondences support Arachnopulmonata

Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in Uropygi and Amblypygi (Arachnida): Complex correspondences support Arachnopulmonata

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

High degree of non-genetic phenotypic variation in the vascular system of crayfish: a discussion of possible causes and implications

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