Phylogenetic diversity and genome sizes of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in the Lebanon biogeographical crossroad

Samad, Farah Abdel; Baumel, Alex; Juin, Marianick; Pavon, Daniel; Siljak-Yakovlev, S.; Mèdail, Frédéric; Kharrat, Magda Bou Dagher

doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0921-8

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The diploid chromosome number of 2n = 16 found in these taxa agrees with data previously reported for numerous Astragalus taxa (Badr and Sharawy, 2007;Kazem et al, 2010;Abdel Samad et al, 2014).…”

Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotype Featuressupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Later studies confirmed Senn's report and demonstrated that x = 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 were common for the New World species (Kazempour Osaloo et al, 2005 and references therein). Many cytological studies of Astragalus have since been performed throughout the world (Manandhar and Sakya, 2004;Badr and Sharawy, 2007;Martin et al, 2008;Kazem et al, 2010;Abdel Samad et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First karyotype analysis, physical rDNA mapping, and genome size assessment in 4 North African Astragalus taxa (Fabaceae)

Baziz¹,

Benamara-Bellagha²,

Pustahija³

et al. 2014

Turk J Bot

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Four taxa of Algerian Astragalus L. were studied for their chromosome number, karyotype features, and genome size. Fluorochrome banding was done for detection of GC-rich DNA regions, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for physical mapping of 35S and 5S rRNA genes, and flow cytometry for nuclear DNA content. All the taxa present the same chromosome number (2n = 2x = 16) and single 35S and 5S rDNA loci, but their distributions on chromosomes are different. The GC heterochromatin pattern was different among studied taxa and an unusually high number of chromomycin-positive bands were observed in A. pseudotrigonus Batt. & Trab. The genome size differed between species, ranging from 2C = 1.39 pg in A. cruciatus Link. to 2C = 2.71 pg in A. armatus subsp. tragacanthoides (Desf.) Maire. No difference in nuclear DNA amount was detected between the 2 subspecies of A. armatus. Although Astragalus is a large genus comprising some 3000 species, such morphometric and molecular cytogenetic karyotype analyses, with genome sizes, are particularly scarce therein. Therefore, published genome sizes have also been compiled into one table.

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Section: Chromosome Number and Karyotype Featuressupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First karyotype analysis, physical rDNA mapping, and genome size assessment in 4 North African Astragalus taxa (Fabaceae)

Baziz¹,

Benamara-Bellagha²,

Pustahija³

et al. 2014

Turk J Bot

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“…genome size (1C: c . 1–2; Samad et al., ), the marker density of our dataset is likely around 1 SNP per 50–80 kb, and is thus not ideal for locus specific analyses of functional divergence. This does not, however, negate the efficacy of our dataset for describing genetic divergence among locoweed populations or for testing the hypothesis that endophyte communities are structured by intraspecific host divergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A heritable symbiont and host‐associated factors shape fungal endophyte communities across spatial scales

et al. 2018

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Microbial ecologists are intensely interested in the processes governing microbial community assembly; however, progress has been limited by a lack of studies that span multiple geographical scales and levels of biological organization. We used high throughput sequencing to characterize foliar fungal endophyte communities and host plant genetic structure both within and among 24 populations of spotted locoweed Astragalus lentiginosus across the Great Basin Desert. Across the Great Basin, both within and among populations of the host plant, fungal endophyte richness was predicted by plant size and variation in the seed‐borne, heritable fungus, Alternaria fulva, which produces the bioactive alkaloid swainsonine. The degree of between‐plant turnover in the endophyte community was inversely related to host plant inbreeding and average plant size and positively related to the relative abundance of A. fulva. Plant size was inversely related to endophyte community richness, both among and within populations. The genetic and physical distance between host populations was not predictive of differences in fungal community structure. Synthesis. Through pairing intensive local and regional sampling, we uncovered a primacy of deterministic forces imposed by a heritable symbiont on the community structure of locoweed endophytes.

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“…had a very large genome (59.74 pg/2C), c. 3-fold larger than confirmed diploid Juniperus species which range from 19.02 to 26.40 pg/2C (Bennett and Leitch, 2012). The exceptional genome size of J. foetidissima , suggests this species may be hexaploid (Bou Dagher-Kharrat et al, 2013) but cytogenetic studies are needed to confirm this since genome size alone may be misleading as it can be highly variable between species of the same genus that have the same ploidy level (Ledig, 1998; Morse et al, 2009; Abdel Samad et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy in the Conifer Genus Juniperus: An Unexpectedly High Rate

et al. 2019

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Recent research suggests that the frequency of polyploidy may have been underestimated in gymnosperms. One notable example is in the conifer genus Juniperus , where there are already a few reports of polyploids although data are still missing for most species. In this study, we evaluated the extent of polyploidy in Juniperus by conducting the first comprehensive screen across nearly all of the genus. Genome size data from fresh material, together with chromosome counts, were used to demonstrate that genome sizes estimated from dried material could be used as reliable proxies to uncover the extent of ploidy diversity across the genus. Our analysis revealed that 16 Juniperus taxa were polyploid, with tetraploids and one hexaploid being reported. Furthermore, by analyzing the genome size and chromosome data within a phylogenetic framework we provide the first evidence of possible lineage-specific polyploidizations within the genus. Genome downsizing following polyploidization is moderate, suggesting limited genome restructuring. This study highlights the importance of polyploidy in Juniperus , making it the first conifer genus and only the second genus in gymnosperms where polyploidy is frequent. In this sense, Juniperus represents an interesting model for investigating the genomic and ecological consequences of polyploidy in conifers.

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Phylogenetic diversity and genome sizes of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in the Lebanon biogeographical crossroad

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

First karyotype analysis, physical rDNA mapping, and genome size assessment in 4 North African Astragalus taxa (Fabaceae)

First karyotype analysis, physical rDNA mapping, and genome size assessment in 4 North African Astragalus taxa (Fabaceae)

A heritable symbiont and host‐associated factors shape fungal endophyte communities across spatial scales

Polyploidy in the Conifer Genus Juniperus: An Unexpectedly High Rate

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