Phylogenetic connection among close genera of Aphanizomenonaceae (Cyanobacteria): Amphiheterocytum gen. nov., Cylindrospermopsis and Sphaerospermopsis

Cyanobacterial taxonomy is facing a period of rapid changes thanks to the ease of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and established workflows for description of new taxa. Since the last comprehensive review of the cyanobacterial system in 2014 until 2021, at least 273 species in 140 genera were newly described. These taxa were mainly placed into previously defined orders and families although several new families were proposed. However, the classification of most taxa still relied on hierarchical relationships inherited from the classical morphological taxonomy. Similarly, the obviously polyphyletic orders such as Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales were left unchanged. In this study, the rising number of genomic sequences of cyanobacteria and well‐described reference strains allowed us to reconstruct a robust phylogenomic tree for taxonomic purposes. A less robust but better sampled 16S rRNA gene phylogeny was mapped to the phylogenomic backbone. Based on both these phylogenies, a polyphasic classification throughout the whole phylum of Cyanobacteria was created, with ten new orders and fifteen new families. The proposed system of cyanobacterial orders and families relied on a phylogenomic tree but still employed phenotypic apomorphies where possible to make it useful for professionals in the field. It was, however, confirmed that morphological convergence of phylogenetically distant taxa was a frequent phenomenon in cyanobacteria. Moreover, the limited phylogenetic informativeness of the 16S rRNA gene, resulting in ambiguous phylogenies above the genus level, emphasized the integration of genomic data as a prerequisite for the conclusive taxonomic placement of a vast number of cyanobacterial genera in the future.

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“…Akinetes are also formed by all genera, although their shape and position can vary among the taxa (Sant'Anna et al. 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its members possess intercalary heterocytes, only Raphidiopsis has basal or absent heterocytes in some species (including the deletion of associated genes (Aguilera et al 2019). Akinetes are also formed by all genera, although their shape and position can vary among the taxa (Sant'Anna et al 2019).…”

Section: Heteroscytonemataceae Mcgregor and Sendall 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis

Strunecký

Ivanova

Mareš

2023

Journal of Phycology

100

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“…2012), and Amphiheterocytum (Sant’Anna et al. 2019), were described applying those broader limits. More importantly, these identity values must be used only as part of the evidence and not as the unique feature to support the erection of novel taxa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monilinema gen. nov., a homocytous genus (Cyanobacteria, Leptolyngbyaceae) from saline–alkaline lakes of Pantanal wetlands, Brazil

Malone

Genuário

Vaz

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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Cyanobacteria morphotypes with simple morphology, mainly thin filamentous homocytous strains, comprise a taxonomically complex group and represent a challenge in systematic studies. However, the polyphasic approach applied nowadays to investigate the cyanobacterial diversity has emerged as a powerful tool to undercover cryptic taxa and to set up a more natural classification system. Yet, studies exploring the cultured diversity of cyanobacteria from extreme tropical environments have paved the way to the discovery of new cyanobacteria taxa, enabling the description of Pantanalinema, Alkalinema, and Cephalothrix as novel genera from saline–alkaline lakes in Pantanal wetlands (Brazil). The present study investigated a set of cyanobacterial strains resembling Leptolyngbya morphotypes by means of its morphology, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) phylogeny, and ITS secondary structures. Based on the shape and structure of their trichomes, the low levels of 16S rRNA identity coupled with the distinct phylogenetic position with regard to well establish genera, and their divergent ecological feature, these strains must be accommodated into a novel genus, named as Monilinema gen. nov., described under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Accordingly, based on the singularity of the D1–D1′ and V3 helixes, these strains should be considered as a single species, Monilinema alkalinum.

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Recent trends of polyphasic approach in taxonomy and cyanobacterial diversity

Perona

Muñoz-Martín

Gómez

2022

Expanding Horizon of Cyanobacterial Biology

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Phylogenetic connection among close genera of Aphanizomenonaceae (Cyanobacteria): Amphiheterocytum gen. nov., Cylindrospermopsis and Sphaerospermopsis

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis

An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis

Monilinema gen. nov., a homocytous genus (Cyanobacteria, Leptolyngbyaceae) from saline–alkaline lakes of Pantanal wetlands, Brazil

Recent trends of polyphasic approach in taxonomy and cyanobacterial diversity

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