Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides.

Abstract

The marine bacterium strain 2-40 was isolated from the salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, VA, USA. It is Gram-negative, requires sea salts and is a strict aerobe. It degrades numerous complex polysaccharides and synthesizes eumelanin. By 16S rDNA analysis, the isolate was shown to be a member of the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria, related to Microbulbifer hydrolyticus and to a cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

Umboniibacter marinipuniceus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from the mollusc Umbonium costatum from the Sea of Japan

“…It should be noted that the predominant fatty acids C 17 : 1 v6c, C 17 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and C 16 : 1 v7c were each present in approximately equal amounts in both strains. As shown in Table 1, the fatty acid profiles of the novel bacteria differed substantially from those of Microbulbifer species in the absence of iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 1 (Gonzalez et al, 1997;Yoon et al, 2003aYoon et al, , b, 2004Yoon et al, , 2007Miyazaki et al, 2008;Tang et al, 2008), from that of Saccharophagus degradans in the absence of C 12 : 1 3-OH and C 10 : 0 (Gonzalez & Weiner, 2000) and from that of E. elysicola in the absence of C 14 : 1 3-OH and in the presence of C 17 : 1 v6c and C 17 : 0 (Kurahashi & Yokota, 2007). The fatty acid profiles of strains KMM 3892 and KMM 3891 T could be distinguished from that of C. japonicus (Humphry et al, 2003) in the minor content of C 18 : 1 v9 and in the significant amount of C 17 : 0 .…”

“…The polar lipid profiles were identical and included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol ( Supplementary Fig. S1, available in IJSEM Online (Kurahashi & Yokota, 2007); 3, Simiduia agarivorans (Shieh et al, 2008); 4, Saccharophagus degradans (Gonzalez & Weiner, 2000;Ekborg et al, 2005); 5, T. turnerae (Distel et al, 2002); 6, C. japonicus (Humphry et al, 2003); 7, M. agarilyticus (Miyazaki et al, 2008); 8, M. celer (Yoon et al, 2007); 9, M. elongatus (Yoon et al, 2003b); 10, M. halophilus (Tang et al, 2008); 11, M. hydrolyticus (Gonzalez et al, 1997); 12, M. maritimus (Yoon et al, 2004); 13, M. salipaludis (Yoon et al, 2003a); 14, M. thermotolerans (Miyazaki et al, 2008). +, Positive; 2, negative; W, weak reaction; S, slow reaction; ND, no data available.…”

“…At the time of writing, the genus Microbulbifer includes eight species, Microbulbifer hydrolyticus, the type species of the genus (Gonzalez et al, 1997), M. salipaludis (Yoon et al, 2003a), M. elongatus (Yoon et al, 2003b), M. maritimus (Yoon et al, 2004), M. celer (Yoon et al, 2007), M. halophilus (Tang et al, 2008), M. agarilyticus and M. thermotolerans (Miyazaki et al, 2008), which have been recovered from deep and intertidal sediments, seawater, solar salterns and saline soil. The carbohydrate-degrading bacterial group also includes bacteria that are associated with marine biota, such as Saccharophagus degradans (Gonzalez & Weiner, 2000;Ekborg et al, 2005), isolated from the salt-marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, and Endozoicomonas elysicola (Kurahashi & Yokota, 2007), isolated from a marine mollusc. Teredinibacter turnerae (Distel et al, 2002) represents endosymbiotic micro-organisms that were retrieved from the gill tissue of a wood-boring mollusc, Lyrodus pedicellatus (Teredinidae), and are characterized by the ability to grow with cellulose as a sole carbon source and to fix nitrogen.…”

Complete Cellulase System in the Marine Bacterium Saccharophagus degradans Strain 2-40 T

“…On the other hand, the cellulase systems of a number of soil and ruminant bacteria have been the subject of considerable study (4,37). Very recently, however, several related marine bacterial genera that can degrade cellulose have been discovered (2,14,20). One species is Saccharophagus degradans strain 2-40 T (formerly "Microbulbifer degradans" strain 2-40).…”

Cloning and Characterizing the Thermophilic and Detergent Stable Cellulase CelMytB from Saccharophagus sp. Myt-1

“…S. degradans 2-40 was first isolated from decaying salt marsh cordgrass collected in the Chesapeake Bay Estuary (USA) [12]. Strain 2-40 is capable of degrading more than 10 complex polysaccharides [13,14]. To our knowledge, prior to 2012 only one strain of one species had been assigned to the Saccharophagus genus, namely, S. degradans 2-40.…”