Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene of St. Louis encephalitis virus

Kramer, Laura D.; Chandler, Laura J.

doi:10.1007/s007050170007

Cited by 65 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Results of the present phylogenetic analyses corroborate Kramer and Chandler's (2001) hypothesis that the lineages of SLEV virus, which are circulating in the Americas, belong to distinct lineages, and that exists a geographic specificity. Consequently the dynamics of SLEV transmission may be distinct, with the involvement of distinct vectors and virus reservoirs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…They recovered all 40 sequences included in data set into seven phylogenetic lineages, generally according to their geographic origin. These lineages are similar to those identified by Kramer and Chandler (2001). ML analyses were carried under the TrNef + G model suggested by ModelTest.…”

Section: Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Analyses -supporting

confidence: 54%

“…It clusters in lineage III of Kramer and Chandler (2001), which includes Argentinean 79V-2533 strain. Other Brazilian strains isolated from distinct hosts from 1968 until 1973 grouped with other South American and Trinidad samples in lineage V. One Brazilian strain isolated from Akodon sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. SPH 253175 sequence clustered together with 79V-2533 strain of lineage III of Kramer and Chandler (2001). Bootstrap support for the split leading to lineage III is 99%.…”

Section: Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Analyses -mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the present study, we determined the entire nucleotide sequences of the Envelope (E) gene of SPH 253157 strain. In addition, representative E sequences of SLEV lineages as well as previously published E sequences of Brazilian SLEV were downloaded from GenBank (Kramer & Chandler 2001) and included in the study for comparison with SPH 253157 strain. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate genetic relationships among SPH 253157 and several previously collected Brazilian strains and other SLEV American isolates; (2) to characterize genetic lineage of SPH 253157 isolated from a human patient infected in the state of São Paulo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characterization of St. Louis encephalitis virus isolated from human in São Paulo, Brazil

Santos

Sallum

Franco

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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(Calisher et al. 1989). The genome of flaviviruses contains a single-stranded positive sense RNA, about 10,800 nucleotides long that encodes 10 distinct proteins in a single reading frame (Chambers et al. 1990). SLEV is the etiologic agent of St. Louis encephalitis, a disease of epidemiological importance in North America. This virus was first isolated in the United States of America (US) in 1933, during an outbreak, which occurred in St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo. (Muckenfuss et al. 1934). In the US intermittent and unpredictable epidemics have been occurring during the last decades. The majority of SLEV infections is sub clinical or result in mild illness. The severity of infections is strongly dependent on the age of a patient, and the case fatality rate during epidemics ranges from 2% in young adults to more than 22% in the elders (Monath & Heinz 1996). In spite of being endemic in Central and South America, causing sporadic illness, occurrence of SLEV outbreaks is unknown (Spence 1980, Monath & Heinz 1996.The biological cycle of SLEV in nature involves primarily wild birds and several mosquito species; humans and other mammals are considered to be incidental hosts (Monath & Heinz 1996). In the US, Culicinae mosquitoes and birds, Passeriformes and Columbiformes, are involved in the dynamics of SLEV transmission. The transmission Financial support: Fapesp (no. 2004/07819-6) and CNPq (no. 305339/2003-6) cycle varies regionally, depending on the biology of mosquito species, virulence of SLEV strains and susceptibility to infection of vertebrate hosts (Monath & Tsai 1987, Day 2001, Reisen 2003. In Central and South America SLEV transmission cycle is not well defined, but it may include mosquito species of the genera Culex, Mansonia, Haemagogus, and Sabethes. A variety of bird taxa, including herons, egrets, and cormorant may be virus reservoirs (Spence 1980, Monath & Heinz 1996, Reisen 2003.The occurrence of SLEV in Brazil was recorded in 1953, by the finding of antibodies to this virus in residents of the Amazon Valley (Causey & Theiller 1958). A pool of mosquito Sabethes belisarioi, captured along the Belém-Brasília highway, was the source for the first isolation of a SLEV strain (Causey et al. 1964). Later in 1970 and 1978 two strains were recovered from human blood in Amazon region. In both cases the patients developed a febrile illness with jaundice, neither of them presenting neurological involvement (Pinheiro et al. 1981, Vasconcelos et al. 1998. SLEV was also found in the Southeast region of Brazil where it was isolated from wild birds, rodents, and sentinel mice during a surveillance program on arbovirus activity carried out in the state of São Paulo from 1967 to 1969 (Lopes et al. 1979).In the summer of 2004, after more than two decades of the last human Brazilian report, a clinical case of infection by SLEV was detected in the state of São Paulo. Epidemiologic data about the SLEV case was fully detailed by Rocco et al. (2005). Briefly, a patient, suffering from severe uncharacterized febrile illnes...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Analyses -supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. SPH 253175 sequence clustered together with 79V-2533 strain of lineage III of Kramer and Chandler (2001). Bootstrap support for the split leading to lineage III is 99%.…”

Section: Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Analyses -mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characterization of St. Louis encephalitis virus isolated from human in São Paulo, Brazil

Santos

Sallum

Franco

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Defining the levels of secreted non‐structural protein NS1 after West Nile virus infection in cell culture and mice

Chung

Diamond

2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) causes a febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis, primarily in humans that are immunocompromised or elderly. For successful treatment of WNV infection, accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. Previous studies have suggested that the flavivirus non-structural protein NS1, a highly conserved and secreted glycoprotein, is a candidate protein for rapid diagnosis. Herein, we developed a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect WNV NS1 using two anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that map to distinct sites on the protein. The capture ELISA efficiently detected as little as 0.5 ng/ml of soluble NS1 and exhibited no cross-reactivity for yellow fever, Dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis virus NS1. The capture ELISA reliably detected NS1 in plasma at day 3 after WNV infection, prior to the development of clinical signs of disease. As the time course of infection continued, the levels of detectable NS1 diminished, presumably because of interference by newly generated anti-NS1 antibodies. Indeed, treatment of plasma with a solution that dissociated NS1 immune complexes extended the window of detection. Overall, the NS1-based capture ELISA is a sensitive readout of infection and could be an important tool for diagnosis or screening small molecule inhibitors of WNV infection.

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Detection of Saint Louis encephalitis virus in two Brazilian states

Moraes

Kubiszeski

Vieira

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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We describe the circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in two BrazilianStates during outbreaks of Dengue and Zika viruses. We detected the virus in a patient from Araraquara, State of São Paulo, and in patients and in a mosquito pool of Culex quinquefasciatus from Sinop, State of Mato Grosso. Phylogenetic analysis grouped samples from this study within genotype V, which are closely related to other strains that previously circulated in other parts of the country. Genotype V seems to have established circulation in Brazil.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene of St. Louis encephalitis virus

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic characterization of St. Louis encephalitis virus isolated from human in São Paulo, Brazil

Genetic characterization of St. Louis encephalitis virus isolated from human in São Paulo, Brazil

Defining the levels of secreted non‐structural protein NS1 after West Nile virus infection in cell culture and mice

Detection of Saint Louis encephalitis virus in two Brazilian states

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