Phylogenetic Analysis of a Human Isolate from the 2000 Israel<i>West Nile virus</i>Epidemic

Briese, Thomas; Rambaut, Andrew; Pathmajeyan, Melissa; Bishara, Jihad; Weinberger, Miriam; Pitlik, Silvio; Lipkin, W. Ian

doi:10.3201/eid0805.010324

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Co-circulation of different lineages has been previously reported in the Middle East [32]. However, substantiating the circulation of different lineages in Iran needs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009

Ahmadnejad

Otarod

Fallah³

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the first large-scale serosurvey for West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Iran. Blood samples were obtained in 2008-2009 from 1054 equines collected from 260 districts located in 27 provinces. The overall seroprevalence rate for WNV neutralizing antibodies was 23·7%. Marked geographical variations were observed as province-specific seroprevalence rates ranged from 1% to 88%, the highest values being observed in the southern and western parts of the country. The presence of IgM-positive animals (n=9) indicated a recent circulation of WNV in several provinces. Logistic modelling confirmed this result with a significant effect of age on seropositivity. This study revealed extensive circulation of WNV in Iran particularly in southwestern provinces where the virus probably circulates every year.

show abstract

“…Co-circulation of different lineages has been previously reported in the Middle East [32]. However, substantiating the circulation of different lineages in Iran needs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009

Ahmadnejad

Otarod

Fallah³

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies used sequences from the structural genes (prM and E) to infer evolutionary relationships, as have many other phylogenetic studies (Anderson et al, 2001;Banet-Noach et al, 2003;Blitvich et al, 2004;Briese et al, 2002;Davis et al, 2003Davis et al, , 2007Ebel et al, 2004;Lanciotti et al, 1999a;Savini et al, 2008). However, a comprehensive assessment of the reliability of each gene has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary characterization of the West Nile Virus complete genome

Gray

Véras

Santos

et al. 2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In South Africa, WNV is transmitted mostly between birds and mosquitoes in an enzootic cycle, but antibodies are widespread in the human populations of South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, and Botswana (34), suggesting that Africa has many regions where WNV is endemic. In contrast, repeated isolations of WNV have been made in Israel, and multiple genotypes have been implicated (4,13,28). The Israeli outbreaks have been sporadic but severe, suggesting that the virus is epidemic in this region and that it is reintroduced periodically into older nonimmune populations (23,46).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

May

Davis

Tesh

et al. 2011

J Virol

225

256

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed of the encephalitic flaviviruses and is a major cause of encephalitis, with isolates obtained from all continents, apart from Antarctica. Subsequent to its divergence from the other members of the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, presumably in Africa, WNV has diverged into individual lineages that mostly correspond with geographic distribution. Here we elucidate the phylogeography and evolutionary history of isolates from lineage 1 of WNV. Interestingly, there are many examples of the same amino acid having evolved independently on multiple occasions. In Africa, WNV exists in an endemic cycle, whereas it is epidemic in Europe, being reintroduced regularly from Africa either directly (in western Europe) or via the Middle East (in eastern Europe). Significantly, introduction into other geographic areas has occurred on one occasion only in each region, leading to subsequent establishment and expansion of the virus in these areas. Only one endemic genotype each is present in India and Australia, suggesting that WNV was successfully introduced into these locations once only. Each introduction occurred many centuries ago, probably due to trade and exploration during the 19th century. Likewise, in the Americas, WNV was successfully introduced in 1999 and subsequently became endemic across most temperate regions of North America (NA). In contrast to previous suggestions, an isolate from the epidemic in Israel in 1998 was not the direct progenitor of the NA epidemic; rather, both epidemics originated from the same (unknown) location.

show abstract

Phylogenetic Analysis of a Human Isolate from the 2000 IsraelWest Nile virusEpidemic

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009

Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009

Evolutionary characterization of the West Nile Virus complete genome

Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About