Phylogenetic Analysis and Inflow Route of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and Bemisia tabaci in Korea

Abstract

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, members of which are characterized by closed circular single-stranded DNA genomes of 2.7-2.8 kb in length, and include viruses transmitted by the Bemisia tabaci whitefly. No reports of TYLCV in Korea are available prior to 2008, after which TYLCV spread rapidly to most regions of the southern Korean peninsula (Gyeongsang-Do, Jeolla-Do and Jeju-Do). Fifty full sequences of TYLCV were analyzed in this study, and the AC1, AV1, IR, and full sequences were analyzed via the muscle program and bayesian analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Korea TYLCVs were divided into two subgroups. The TYLCV Korea 1 group (Masan) originated from TYLCV Japan (Miyazaki) and the TYLCV Korea 2 group (Jeju/Jeonju) from TYLCV Japan (Tosa/Haruno). A B. tabaci phylogenetic tree was constructed with 16S rRNA and mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I (MtCOI) sequences using the muscle program and MEGA 4.0 in the neighbor-joining algorithm. The sequence data of 16S rRNA revealed that Korea B. tabaci was closely aligned to B. tabaci isolated in Iran and Nigeria. The Q type of B. tabaci, which was originally identified as a viruliferous insect in 2008, was initially isolated in Korea as a non-viruliferous insect in 2005. Therefore, we suggest that two TYLCV Japan isolates were introduced to Korea via different routes, and then transmitted by native B. tabaci.

Ongoing geographical spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

“…Other inferred dispersal events of TYLCV-IL also correspond with actual observations, for example the arrival of the virus in Egypt during the early 1980s (Nakhla et al, 1993), in Japan in 1996, in China in 2006 and in South Korea in 2008 (Kenyon et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2010;Ueda et al, 2012).…”

Molecular characterization of sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) isolates from Korea: phylogenetic relationship and recombination analysis

“…B. tabaci has spread broadly throughout Korea since its initial detection in 1998 (Lee and De Barro, 2000;Lee, 2005), with a concomitant increase in the spread of other begomoviruses, including TYLCV and TbLCV (Lee et al, 2010). The asexually reproductive propagation method for sweet potato may facilitate the spread of SPLCV without the need for whiteflies as an insect vector (Valverde et al, 2004;Clark and Hoy, 2006).…”

Begomoviruses and Their Emerging Threats in South Korea: A Review

“…2. Very recently, four begomovirus research articles have appeared Lee et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011). In a phylogenetic analysis of complete nucleotide sequences (genome) as well as individual ORFs of Korean TYLCV isolates with Far East Asian begomoviruses and also across the world, all the Korean TYLCV isolates showed highest sequence identity and clustered with the Japan TYLCV isolates.…”