Phyllanthin Averts Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury through Modulation of the NF-κB and AMPK/Nrf2 Pathways

Yuan, Haitao; Yang, Qin; Yang, Bo; Xu, Hong; Nasif, Omaima; Muruganantham, Sankareswaran; Chen, Jing

doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2020036307

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Our control group rats showed a similar finding, with pterostilbene administration significantly suppressing COX-2 and PGE2, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect (Duan et al, 2016;Sotomayor-Sobrino et al, 2019). NF-κB is another significant transcription factors which activates after the reperfusion of cerebral ischemia (Simão et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2021a). It is well known that oxidative stress/ROS activates the NF-κB signaling pathway that are involved in the various inflammatory reaction initiate after the cerebral ischemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…COX is divided into two isomers (COX-1 and COX-2), which have similar catalytic actions but differing physiological functions (Liang et al, 2020). COX-2 is an inducible COX that catalyses the first committed step in prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid (Liang et al, 2020;Yuan et al, 2021a). COX-2 levels and PG production increase in endothelial cells, neurons, and glial cells in the brain tissue in response to diverse stimuli such as inflammatory mediators, excitatory synaptic activity, hypoxia, and growth factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prostanoids (prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2) formed through the COX pathway. (Liang et al, 2020;Yuan et al, 2021a). The level of PGE2 have been boosted in the brain after the cerebral ischemia (Liang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…Since these substances prevent virus entry into host cells, they can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines, or in combination with other antivirals, antioxidants, and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 49 ]. The anti-diabetic [ 8 ], anti-inflammatory [ 9 ], and antiviral activity (this study) of lignosulfonate, and the neuroprotective activity of lignin [ 52 ] and SE [ 53 ] may be advantageous for the treatment of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignosulfonate Rapidly Inactivates Human Immunodeficiency and Herpes Simplex Viruses

et al. 2021

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Very few studies of the antiviral potential of lignosulfonates have been published. With the aim of oral application, among various groups of natural products, the relative antiviral potency of lignosulfonate and its ability to rapidly inactivate viruses were investigated. Methods: As target cells, MT-4 cells in suspension and attached Vero cells were used for infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV). Mock- or virus-infected cells were incubated for 3–5 days with various concentrations of test samples, and the viable cell number was determined with the MTT method. For the shorter exposure experiments, higher titers of HIV or HSV were exposed to test samples for 10 or 3 min, diluted to a normal multiplicity of infection (MOI), and applied to the cells. Antiviral activity was quantified by using the chemotherapy index. Results: In the long-exposure system, lignosulfonates showed comparable anti-HIV activity with those of AZT, ddC, and sulfated polysaccharides, and it exceeded those of hundreds of tannins and flavonoids. When the exposure time was shortened, the chemotherapeutic index of the lignosulfonates for HIV was increased 27-fold. At a physiological pH, lignosulfonate showed higher anti-HIV activity than commercial alkali-lignin, dealkali-lignin, and humic acid, possibly due to the higher solubility and purity. Conclusions: With their rapid virus-inactivation capabilities, lignosulfonates may be useful for the prevention or treatment of virally induced oral diseases.

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“…In addition to the aforementioned compounds, which represent the most studied Nrf2 activators with neuroprotective effects in experimental models of ischemic stroke, additional drugs (less frequently investigated compounds) have also shown beneficial effects, such as tanshinol borneol ester [ 270 ], Apelin 13 [ 141 ], ezetimibe [ 271 ], rosmarinic acid [ 100 ], biochanin A [ 272 ], isoquercetin [ 273 ], trilabatin [ 137 ], forsythiaside A [ 274 ], octreotide [ 275 ], Korean Red Ginseng [ 89 ], Schizandrin A [ 276 ], leonurine [ 277 ], sinomenine [ 101 ], myricetin [ 139 ], diterpene ginkgolides [ 278 ], totarol [ 279 ], paeonol [ 91 ], alpha-lipoic acid [ 280 ], omega-3 fatty acids [ 281 ], nicotinamide mononucleotide [ 282 ], chlorogenic acid [ 144 ], eriocitrin [ 283 ], bicyclol [ 114 ] andrographolide [ 284 ], phyllanthin [ 285 ], neohesperidin [ 286 ], protocatechualdehyde [ 287 ], osthole [ 275 ], salidroside [ 288 ], palmatine [ 289 ], pelargonidin [ 290 ] and britanin [ 291 ].…”

Section: Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Ischemic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review

Farina

Vieira

Buttari³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.

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Phyllanthin Averts Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury through Modulation of the NF-κB and AMPK/Nrf2 Pathways

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

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Lignosulfonate Rapidly Inactivates Human Immunodeficiency and Herpes Simplex Viruses

The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review

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