Phycoerythrin: a pink pigment from red sources (rhodophyta) for a greener biorefining approach to food applications

Ganesan, Abirami Ramu; Kannan, M.; Rajan, Durairaj Karthick; Pillay, Arti; Shanmugam, M.; Sathishkumar, Palanivel; Johansen, J. G.; Tiwari, Brijesh K.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2081962

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In general, the chlorophyll content in seaweeds depends on the depth of the algae. The deeper the location, the higher the chlorophyll amount [ 47 ]. In our study, J. rubens was collected at 2–3 m deep, and this could explain the high amount of chlorophyll.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, J. rubens was collected at 2–3 m deep, and this could explain the high amount of chlorophyll. The role of seaweed pigments is not only to characterize each group of algae but also it has an important role as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Previous studies showed that chlorophyll and carotenoids inhibit cancer proliferation and can induce apoptosis in different cell lines, including colon cancer cells (HT-29, Caco-2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), T-cell leukemia, and others [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lebanese Red Algae Jania rubens: Promising Biomolecules against Colon Cancer Cells

et al. 2022

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked the second most lethal type of tumor globally. Thus, developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics that are less aggressive and more potent is needed. Recently, natural bioactive molecules are gaining interest as complementary and supportive antineoplastic treatments due to their safety, effectiveness, and low cost. Jania rubens (J. rubens) is a red coral seaweed abundant in the Mediterranean and bears a significant pharmacological essence. Despite its therapeutic potential, the natural biomolecules extracted from this alga are poorly identified. In this study, the proximal analysis revealed high levels of total ash content (66%), 11.3% proteins, 14.5% carbohydrates, and only 4.5% lipids. The elemental identification showed magnesium and calcium were high among its macro minerals, (24 ± 0.5 mg/g) and (33 ± 0.5 mg/g), respectively. The Chlorophyll of J. rubens was dominated by other pigments with (0.82 ± 0.02 mg/g). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay identified effective antioxidant activity in various J. rubens extracts. More importantly, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tetrazolium reduction and wound healing assays indicate that organic extracts from J. rubens significantly counteract the proliferation of colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) and inhibit their migratory and metastatic properties in a dose and time-dependent manner. Overall, this study provides insight into the physicochemical properties of red seaweed, J. rubens, and identifies its significant antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-migratory potential on two colorectal cell lines, HCT-116 and HT-29.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lebanese Red Algae Jania rubens: Promising Biomolecules against Colon Cancer Cells

et al. 2022

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“…There are currently fewer commercially acclaimed cyanobacteria strains available. The rivalry from currently existing natural commercial sources of PE, such as rhodophyte, poses hurdles to the acceptance of cyanobacteria-derived PE [ 1 , 24 ].…”

Section: Swot Analysis Of C-pe Derived From Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on C-PE proved that, as a natural ingredient, this pigment is an eco-friendly alternative to pharmaceuticals, food supplements or additives, and cosmetic compounds [ 1 , 3 , 16 ]. There is a high market demand for PE added-value products at present.…”

Section: C-pe Market Drive and Commercial Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on a Hidden Gem: Phycoerythrin from Blue-Green Algae

et al. 2022

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Phycoerythrin (PE) is a pink/red-colored pigment found in rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). The interest in PE is emerging from its role in delivering health benefits. Unfortunately, the current cyanobacterial-PE (C-PE) knowledge is still in the infant stage. It is essential to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of C-PE. This study aimed to review the C-PE structure, up and downstream processes of C-PE, application of C-PE, and strategies to enhance its stability and market value. In addition, this study also presented a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis on C-PE. Cyanobacteria appeared to be the more promising PE producers compared to rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and macroalgae. Green/blue light is preferred to accumulate higher PE content in cyanobacteria. Currently, the prominent C-PE extraction method is repeated freezing–thawing. A combination of precipitation and chromatography approaches is proposed to obtain greater purity of C-PE. C-PE has been widely exploited in various fields, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, cosmetics, biotechnology, food, and feed, owing to its bioactivities and fluorescent properties. This review provides insight into the state-of-art nature of C-PE and advances a step further in commercializing this prospective pigment.

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An evaluation of the genotoxicity and 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity in rats of Porphyridium purpureum

Murbach,

Glávits,

Endres

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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Interest in microalgae products for use in food is increasing, as demands for sustainable and cost‐effective food choices grow due to the escalating global population and increase in climate‐related struggles with agriculture. Toxicological assessments of some species of microalgae have been conducted, but there were little data available for the oral consumption of the red microalgae Porphyridium purpureum and no data on genotoxicity. This article articulates a genotoxicity assessment and a 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats performed according to OECD guidelines. Under the experimental conditions applied, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Similarly, the test item did not induce structural chromosomal aberrations in V79 hamster lung cells. The test item also did not cause chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice in the mammalian micronucleus test. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats was determined to be the highest dose tested, 3000 mg/kg bw/day. These data add to the body of evidence regarding the safety of P. purpureum for human consumption.

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Phycoerythrin: a pink pigment from red sources (rhodophyta) for a greener biorefining approach to food applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

The Lebanese Red Algae Jania rubens: Promising Biomolecules against Colon Cancer Cells

The Lebanese Red Algae Jania rubens: Promising Biomolecules against Colon Cancer Cells

A Review on a Hidden Gem: Phycoerythrin from Blue-Green Algae

An evaluation of the genotoxicity and 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity in rats of Porphyridium purpureum

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