Phthalates in food and medical devices

Chou, Karen C.; Wright, Robert O.

doi:10.1007/bf03161027

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…DMP, DEP, and BBP concentrations in agricultural or vegetable soils have been relatively low in all studies because they are readily degraded (Chou and Robert, 2006). Levels of PAEs in agricultural soils on the Leizhou Peninsula and at Hangzhou were similar to each other (Guan et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison With Soil Pae Concentrations In Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are commonly used to increase the flexibility, pliability and elasticity of plastic products (Chou and Robert, 2006). They are widely used in general plastic products, cosmetics, personal care products, food packaging and medical products (Van Wezel et al, 2000;Hens and Caballos, 2003;Cai et al, 2008;Xia et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

306

127

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a b s t r a c tThe concentrations of six priority phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in intensively managed suburban vegetable soils in Nanjing, east China, were analyzed using gas chromatographyemass spectrometry (GCeMS). The total PAE concentrations in the soils ranged widely from 0.15 to 9.68 mg kg À1 with a median value of 1.70 mg kg À1 , and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) were the most abundant phthalate esters. Soil PAE concentrations depended on the mode of use of plastic film in which PAEs were incorporated as plasticizing agents and both the plastic film and poultry manure appeared to be important sources of soil PAEs. Vegetables in rotation with flooded rice led to lower concentrations of PAEs in soil. The results indicate that agricultural plastic film can be an important source of soil PAE contamination and further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PAE contamination of intensive agricultural soils with different use modes of use of plastic film.Crown

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Section: Comparison With Soil Pae Concentrations In Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

306

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Prior to chromatographic analysis, phthalates are extracted from samples using organic solvents (5,8,21,86), solid-phase extraction, or microextraction (76,77,79,80). The most common method for calibration in such complex matrices as alcoholic beverages is the standard addition method, but it takes a lot of time because it requires a calibration curve for each sample (87).…”

Section: Analysis Of Phthalates In Alcoholic Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facts about phthalate toxicity in humans and their occurrence in alcoholic beverages

Karačonji

Jurica

Lasić

et al. 2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid and aliphatic alcohol added to plastic to improve its softness, flexibility, and extensibility. They easily migrate from plastic products into the environment because of their physical and chemical properties. This review summarises their characteristics, distribution in the environment, monitoring, use, toxic effects on human health, regulatory limits in different matrices and products, and tolerable daily intake. The studies we have reviewed suggest that phthalates have a potential to affect reproduction and development in humans. Due to the inconsistent data, further studies are needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented. Here we draw attention to the methods of determining phthalate levels in alcoholic beverages and reported levels in plum spirits produced in Croatia. Legally produced and moderately consumed plum spirits do not seem to increase the risk of phthalate toxicity for human health. We conclude with recommendations for the effective monitoring of phthalate exposure in humans and for the implementation of alternative materials in alcohol production.

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“…Za identifi kaciju i određivanje niskih koncentracija pojedinih spojeva iz skupine ftalata u pićima uglavnom se primjenjuje vezani sustav plinski kromatografspektrometar masa (5,10). Prije kromatografske analize provodi se ekstrakcija ftalata organskim otapalima (5, 10) ili ekstrakcija na čvrstoj fazi (57,58).…”

Section: Ftalati U Alkoholnim Pićimaunclassified

“…dijelovima tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Esteri ftalne kiseline su kao industrijske kemikalije postali sveprisutni (ubikvitarni) zagađivači okoliša zbog svoje raširene uporabe (4).…”

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Exposure to Phtalates and Their Presence in Alcoholic Beverages

Jurica

Uršulin-Trstenjak

Lušić

et al. 2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Ftalati su esteri ftalne kiseline i alifatskih alkohola koji se dodaju u plastične mase da bi se poboljšala njihova mekoća, savitljivost i rastezljivost. Zbog svojih fi zičko-kemijskih svojstava ftalati su vrlo mobilni i lako migriraju iz plastičnih proizvoda u prostor koji ih okružuje, pa tako dospijevaju u okoliš te su stoga opasni za čovjeka. U radu su ukratko opisana svojstva i raspodjela ftalata u okolišu, toksični učinci na ljudsko zdravlje te zakonska regulativa vezana uz maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije ftalata u vodi za piće i u proizvodima namijenjenima dojenčadi, kao i dopušteni dnevni unos u ljudski organizam. Posebna pažnja posvećena je metodama određivanja ftalata u alkoholnim pićima te razinama ftalata s osvrtom na njihovu pojavnost i koncentracije u šljivovici koja se proizvodi u Hrvatskoj. Obuhvaćena je i tematika vezana za ftalate u denaturiranom alkoholu i neregistriranom alkoholu koji se ilegalno stavlja na tržište. U zaključku su navedene smjernice za učinkoviti nadzor nad putovima izloženosti ljudi ftalatima. 2013;64:317-325 Ftalati su spojevi sintetičkog podrijetla, a najčešće se koriste kao dodaci različitim plastičnim masama radi poboljšanja njihovih mehaničkih svojstava, posebice mekoće, savitljivosti i rastezljivosti. Kao aditivi za plastificiranje prisutni su u brojnim proizvodima opće uporabe, poput dječjih igračaka i kozmetike, autokozmetike, u različitim otapalima i insekticidima, ambalaži za hranu, medicinskim uređajima i priboru za transfuziju, dekorativnim proizvodima, podnim oblogama, proizvodima za uređenje kućanstva te u tehnološkim procesima prehrambene i sličnih industrija (1-4). U zemljama istočne Europe utvrđena je prisutnost dietil-ftalata (DEP) u neregistriranim (ilegalnim) alkoholnim pićima, koja uopće ne bi smjela biti dostupna za konzumaciju, već zabranjena zbog opasnosti za zdravlje ljudi. Međutim, takva pića mogu se pronaći na tržištu, a u njima se nalazi DEP korišten u svrhu denaturacije etanola (5). KLJUČNE RIJEČI: di-(2-etilheksil)-ftalat, maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije, plastifi katori, toksičnost ftalataJurica K. et al. PHTALATES IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Arh Hig Rada ToksikolZbog činjenice da nisu vezani kemijskom vezom za plastični materijal, ftalati se lako ispiru, brzo isparavaju u zrak i lako migriraju u hranu, pića i vodu za piće, i to najčešće iz ambalažnog materijala, no mogući su i drugi izvori kontaminacije proizvoda ftalatima, kao npr. dijelovima tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje (6-10). Esteri ftalne kiseline su kao industrijske kemikalije postali sveprisutni (ubikvitarni) zagađivači okoliša zbog svoje raširene uporabe (4).Prema podacima EPA-e, u SAD se svake godine proizvede ili uveze više od 213 000 tona ftalata (11). Prema podacima European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) i Comittee for Socio-economic Analysis

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Phthalates in food and medical devices

Cited by 77 publications

References 84 publications

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Facts about phthalate toxicity in humans and their occurrence in alcoholic beverages

Exposure to Phtalates and Their Presence in Alcoholic Beverages

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