Uršulin-Trstenjak N., Levanić D., Primorac L., Bošnir J., Vahčić N., Šarić G. (2015): Mineral profile of Croatian honey and differences due to its geographical origin. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 156-164.The proportions of twelve minerals were determined in 200 samples of the black locust honey from five Croatian regions during two seasons. The average proportions were dominated by that of K (205.57-428.05 mg/kg), followed by Ca (33.53-329.00 mg/kg) and Na (23.34-218.04mg/kg), which was in percentages as follows: K 31.69-81.34%, Ca 6.51-35.56%, and Na 7.36-23.65%. Melissopalynological and physico-chemical analysis of honey confirmed its general quality requirements and botanical origin. One-factor analysis of variance showed a significant differences between the regions in each season based on the average proportions of macro and micro elements except for Mn and Cd in season 2 (P < 0.05). t-Test enabled an insight into the significance of differences between the seasons within each region based on the average proportions of macro and micro elements. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that Al (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Fe (Bjelovar-Bilogora and Istria), Cu (Eastern Croatia), and K (Istria) could present mineral substances typical for the black locust honey of each region.
The aim of the study was to investigate health safety and quality of the Croatian acacia honey, the selected elements in the soil, and whether multivariate methods can provide identification of the origin of honey. The study included 200 acacia honey samples and 100 soil samples from East, Northwest Croatia, and Istria. The proportion of acacia in honey was determined by conducting pollen analysis. Water, free acids, electric conductivity, reducing sugars, saccharose, diastase, and HMF were determined. No significant differences were found using Kruskal-Wallis test regarding the physicochemical parameters (p=0.9190), the mineral content of honey (p=0.8955), or the mineral composition of the soil (p=0.8789). No significant correlation was found between the analyzed elements in honey and soil. Multivariate methods indicated that East Croatia honey samples have higher concentrations of water, HMF, and higher concentrations of measured elements, except for Al. Honey samples from Northwest Croatia are characterized by low concentrations of elements and a higher concentration of saccharose. The Istria samples are richer in reducing sugars, free acids, diastase, higher conductivity, higher content of the acacia pollen grains, and lower concentrations of most metals. Honey from Northwest Croatia and Istria shares the high concentration of Al in honey.
Ftalati su esteri ftalne kiseline i alifatskih alkohola koji se dodaju u plastične mase da bi se poboljšala njihova mekoća, savitljivost i rastezljivost. Zbog svojih fi zičko-kemijskih svojstava ftalati su vrlo mobilni i lako migriraju iz plastičnih proizvoda u prostor koji ih okružuje, pa tako dospijevaju u okoliš te su stoga opasni za čovjeka. U radu su ukratko opisana svojstva i raspodjela ftalata u okolišu, toksični učinci na ljudsko zdravlje te zakonska regulativa vezana uz maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije ftalata u vodi za piće i u proizvodima namijenjenima dojenčadi, kao i dopušteni dnevni unos u ljudski organizam. Posebna pažnja posvećena je metodama određivanja ftalata u alkoholnim pićima te razinama ftalata s osvrtom na njihovu pojavnost i koncentracije u šljivovici koja se proizvodi u Hrvatskoj. Obuhvaćena je i tematika vezana za ftalate u denaturiranom alkoholu i neregistriranom alkoholu koji se ilegalno stavlja na tržište. U zaključku su navedene smjernice za učinkoviti nadzor nad putovima izloženosti ljudi ftalatima. 2013;64:317-325 Ftalati su spojevi sintetičkog podrijetla, a najčešće se koriste kao dodaci različitim plastičnim masama radi poboljšanja njihovih mehaničkih svojstava, posebice mekoće, savitljivosti i rastezljivosti. Kao aditivi za plastificiranje prisutni su u brojnim proizvodima opće uporabe, poput dječjih igračaka i kozmetike, autokozmetike, u različitim otapalima i insekticidima, ambalaži za hranu, medicinskim uređajima i priboru za transfuziju, dekorativnim proizvodima, podnim oblogama, proizvodima za uređenje kućanstva te u tehnološkim procesima prehrambene i sličnih industrija (1-4). U zemljama istočne Europe utvrđena je prisutnost dietil-ftalata (DEP) u neregistriranim (ilegalnim) alkoholnim pićima, koja uopće ne bi smjela biti dostupna za konzumaciju, već zabranjena zbog opasnosti za zdravlje ljudi. Međutim, takva pića mogu se pronaći na tržištu, a u njima se nalazi DEP korišten u svrhu denaturacije etanola (5). KLJUČNE RIJEČI: di-(2-etilheksil)-ftalat, maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije, plastifi katori, toksičnost ftalataJurica K. et al. PHTALATES IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Arh Hig Rada ToksikolZbog činjenice da nisu vezani kemijskom vezom za plastični materijal, ftalati se lako ispiru, brzo isparavaju u zrak i lako migriraju u hranu, pića i vodu za piće, i to najčešće iz ambalažnog materijala, no mogući su i drugi izvori kontaminacije proizvoda ftalatima, kao npr. dijelovima tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje (6-10). Esteri ftalne kiseline su kao industrijske kemikalije postali sveprisutni (ubikvitarni) zagađivači okoliša zbog svoje raširene uporabe (4).Prema podacima EPA-e, u SAD se svake godine proizvede ili uveze više od 213 000 tona ftalata (11). Prema podacima European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) i Comittee for Socio-economic Analysis
Consumers are becoming more aware of consumption of honey -the food with properties beneficial for health.In accordance with The European Union Council Directive Relating to Honey, as well as with the current legislation in the Republic of Croatia, the requirement for labeling the botanical origin of nectar honey is the presence of the dominant flower pollen as well as sensory and physicochemical analysis.The paper is a confirmation of botanical origin, the profile of physicochemical parameters with differences within the seasons/regions and the consumption of honey.This research covered 200 samples of black locust honey, collected from beekeepers during two seasons in five Croatian regions -20 samples from each region. A survey was conducted among 151 students to gather information on their honey consumption habits.The method used in the paper was melissopalynological and physicochemical analysis, ANOVA and a survey.All the tested samples contain the sufficient number of pollen grains >20% of Robinia pseudoacacia. The results of physicochemical quality parameters are as follows: mean water 15.99-18.03%; free acids 8.16-12.94 mEq/1000g; electrical conductivity 0.12-0.22 mS/cm; reducing sugars 66.94-70.88 g/100g; sucrose 0.10-2.90 g/100g; diastasis 9.07-15.14 DN; HMF 0.50-18.99 mg/ kg. Conducted data analysis of variance within physicochemical parameters regarding seasons and regions showed statistically significant difference among seasons p < 0.05 for water, while for diastasis activity it showed statistically significant difference among regions p < 0.05.Out of 141 (93%) respondents who consume honey, 63 (44%) of them consume it in quantities which are smaller than the Croatian average.
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