Photoyellowing of wool. Part 2: Photoyellowing mechanisms and methods of prevention<sup>†</sup>

Millington, Keith R.

doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00045.x

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This reaction is catalyzed by trace metals such as iron and copper (150,151). It has been proposed that the photoyellowing mechanism for wool may involve a free-radical chain reaction involving formation of hydroperoxide intermediates (via the Bolland and Gee autooxidation mechanism (152) as is the case for most other polymers), rather than a singlet oxygen mechanism (149,(153)(154)(155). Studies using electron spin resonance (156,157) and chemilumninescence techniques (158) have shown that free radicals are formed when wool is exposed to UV light.…”

Section: Yellowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

Rippon

Christoe

Denning

et al. 2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wool, the fibrous coating from sheep, is the most important animal fiber used by the textile industry. It has been used continuously for several thousand years, the earliest type of fabric made from wool probably being a felt. Although the relative importance of wool as a textile fiber has declined with the increasing use of synthetic fibers, it remains important in some sectors of the market. This article discusses raw wool specification, fiber growth, its complex morphological and chemical structure, and the physical properties that make wool unique among textile fibers. Also discussed are the processing steps used to transform raw wool into consumer products, namely, scouring, carbonizing, carding, spinning, setting, dyeing, bleaching, printing, and treatments to reduce felting shrinkage, insect damage, and flammability. A novel textile fiber made from wool (Optim TM , CSIRO) is also described.

show abstract

Section: Yellowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a major problem when bright whites and pastel shades are required. Despite a significant amount of research into the chemistry of photoyellowing processes, progress in this area has been limited (147,(153)(154)(155).…”

Section: Bleaching and Fluorescent Whiteningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

Rippon

Christoe

Denning

et al. 2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furnishings that are susceptible to UV damage should be removed and replaced with UV resistant materials. Some UV coatings are available that may protect indoor furnishings and the inclusion of UV stabilizers, like antioxidants, may prevent photodiscoloration, although they are primarily intended for sunlight protection (Millington 2006b). Plastic furniture coverings can offer good UV protection, as can other materials.…”

Section: Photodiscolorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Effects on Materials

Kowalski

2009

Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultraviolet exposure can cause a number of secondary effects on materials as a result of photochemical reactions and heat. These effects include solarization, photodiscoloration, photodegradation, damage to plants, and generation of ozone, which can itself degrade materials. These secondary effects are of concern to UVGI applications such as in-duct UVGI, cooling coil disinfection, Upper Room UVGI, hospital operating room systems, etc. This chapter addresses effects on materials not previously covered in other chapters, excluding health effects (see Chap. 12).UV exposure, especially for prolonged periods of time, can cause photodegradation of organic and synthetic materials through photolysis, photo-oxidation, and other processes. Damage to materials can cause equipment problems, fire hazards, and unexpected costs. Photodegradation can impact system design and cause safety hazards. Much of what is known about UV photodegradation comes from studies of sunlight, which has UV components, and research is currently in progress to determine which materials can safely be used around UVGI systems. This chapter addresses these potential problems insofar as the available knowledgebase permits, providing a theoretical background and some basic mathematical modeling to facilitate ongoing research.

show abstract

“…The light-fastness of TFBs on protein fabrics has been investigated widely and intensively [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The TFBs were considered to accelerate the photo-oxidation of the wool and silk by impacting on the photodecomposition of the histidyl and tryptophyl residues of the substances [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact on the light and perspiration stability of triazinylstilbene fluorescent brighteners on cotton fabrics

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2014

Fibers Polym

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fading of the triazinylstilbene fluorescent brighteners (TFBs) on cotton fabric under the conditions of exposure to sunlight and human sweat may reduce the visual quality and added value of the garment and also produce many toxic substances, which could threaten human health due to direct contact with skin. In order to investigate the light-fastness and perspiration stability of TFBs on cotton fabrics, three environmental factors of affecting the photo-fading of TFBs, i.e., ultraviolet irradiation, wet condition, and atmospheric constituents, were discussed according to AATCC standard. The results indicated that the effect of ultraviolet irradiation was more significant than its visible counterpart on the light and perspiration stability of TFBs on cotton fabrics. The light stability of TFBs was susceptible to the wet environment, and the presence of moisture accelerated the rate of photo-fading of TFBs. Furthermore, the study on the contribution of atmospheric constituents disclosed that the oxygen in the air together with the moisture of perspiration would make the synergistic effect on the fading of TFBs.

show abstract

Photoyellowing of wool. Part 2: Photoyellowing mechanisms and methods of prevention^†

Cited by 63 publications

References 97 publications

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

UV Effects on Materials

Environmental impact on the light and perspiration stability of triazinylstilbene fluorescent brighteners on cotton fabrics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Photoyellowing of wool. Part 2: Photoyellowing mechanisms and methods of prevention†

Cited by 63 publications

References 97 publications

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

Wool: Structure, Properties, and Processing

UV Effects on Materials

Environmental impact on the light and perspiration stability of triazinylstilbene fluorescent brighteners on cotton fabrics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Photoyellowing of wool. Part 2: Photoyellowing mechanisms and methods of prevention^†