Photovoltaic properties of CdS/CdTe solar cells sintered with CdCl2

Moon, Jung-Hyung; Park, K.C.; Im, Hyeon‐Gyun

doi:10.1016/0165-1633(88)90044-5

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…52 Common to these processes were thermal treatment of the layers in the presence of oxygen and application of gold to obtain a low-resistance back contact. In the late 1980's, the beneficial role of cadmium chloride during thermal treatment 53,54 and addition of minute quantities of copper in the back contact 55,56 were demonstrated. Considerable emphasis was directed towards the development of scalable fabrication processes for thin film CdTe/CdS modules, but for each fabrication technology, module performance lagged behind "best-cell" performance by about 1-to-2.…”

Section: Cdtementioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

Birkmire

2004

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inorganic semiconductors are the backbone of present day photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The highest performance solar cells use III-V based materials in complex multijunction device structures and are used primarily in the space industry. The crystalline Si technologies are the mainstay of the commercial terrestrial markets and range from single crystal through large grain polycrystalline materials. Thin film PV technologies, which are approaching large scale manufacturing production levels, consist of polycrystalline CdTe, CuInSe 2 and related alloys, and amorphous silicon (a-Si) and related alloys. The paper provides an historical background on the development of these inorganic PV technologies, followed by a discussion of the present status of each technology. The future directions being pursued to improve performance will also be discussed with emphasis on synergies between the technologies.

show abstract

Section: Cdtementioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

Birkmire

2004

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thin‐film CdTe‐based photovoltaic processing uses CdCl 2 as a sintering agent 4 . It was found that CdCl 2 enhances CdTe grain formation and growth and device performance 5,6 . For CdTe vapor deposition techniques, where a sintering agent is not used, the inclusion of CdCl 2 via a solution post‐deposition treatment was deemed necessary to produce high‐efficiency devices 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermodynamic evaluation of metal halides for the recrystallization of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂

Palmiotti

Marsillac

Rockett

2022

Progress in Photovoltaics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CdTe films are deposited at low temperatures and recrystallized to photovoltaic device quality using CdCl2 treatments, leading to competitive manufacturing costs. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) typically requires high‐temperature, low‐rate depositions to produce high‐efficiency devices, resulting in higher costs. A similar metal halide treatment of CIGS has been demonstrated by us previously for some metal halide sources. To understand and optimize the process, a thermodynamic evaluation of candidate metal halides for such treatments is presented as a guide for their selection. By comparing bond dissociation energies, mono‐ and di‐halide compounds are proposed to be ideal compounds to act as transport agents. Known recrystallization and temperature reduction benefits by Ag alloying suggest that Ag halides should be used to aid transport of all species. The high vapor pressure and mobility of Ga compounds still pose a problem for metal halide treatment, resulting in Ga etching and removal of intentional Ga gradients. Less severe but similar issues with In compounds may occur. Cu compounds have low vapor pressures that may limit transport; however, Cu is highly mobile in CIGS, and recrystallization still occurs.

show abstract

Effects of morphologies of (Cd+Te) powders on the properties of sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells

Kim

Ahn

et al. 1994

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photovoltaic properties of CdS/CdTe solar cells sintered with CdCl2

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

A thermodynamic evaluation of metal halides for the recrystallization of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂

Effects of morphologies of (Cd+Te) powders on the properties of sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Photovoltaic properties of CdS/CdTe solar cells sintered with CdCl2

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

Evolution and future prospects of inorganic photovoltaics

A thermodynamic evaluation of metal halides for the recrystallization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2

Effects of morphologies of (Cd+Te) powders on the properties of sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A thermodynamic evaluation of metal halides for the recrystallization of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂