Phototransformation products of tamoxifen by sunlight in water. Toxicity of the drug and its derivatives on aquatic organisms

DellaGreca, Marina; Iesce, M. R.; Isidori, Marina; Nardelli, Angela; Previtera, Lucio; Rubino, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.001

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, the estrogenic potency at several sites (S5-S7) of the Zhujiang River in the wet season might also pose potential estrogenic risks. Tamoxifen, the positive control of antiestrogenic activity, was reported to have acute toxicity to some aquatic organisms (Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna), with EC50 values of 970 to 1,530 mg/L [42]. Chronic toxicity of tamoxifen for Acartia tonsa was also observed, with an EC50 value of 49 mg/L [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Zhao

Ying

Yang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-This paper reports screening of multiple hormonal activities (estrogenic and androgenic activities, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities) for surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system (Liuxi, Zhujiang, and Shijing rivers) in South China, using in vitro recombinant yeast bioassays. The detection frequencies for estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities were both 100% in surface water and 81 and 93% in sediment, respectively. The levels of estrogenic activity were 0.23 to 324 ng 17b-estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 101 ng EEQ/g in sediment. Antiandrogenic activities were in the range of 20.4 to 935 Â 10 3 ng flutamide equivalent concentration (FEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 154 Â 10 3 ng FEQ/g in sediment. Moreover, estrogenic activity and antiandrogenic activity in sediment showed good correlation (R 2 ¼ 0.7187), suggesting that the agonists of estrogen receptor and the antagonists of androgen receptor co-occurred in sediment. The detection frequencies for androgenic and antiestrogenic activities were 41 and 29% in surface water and 61 and 4% in sediment, respectively. The levels of androgenic activities were 0 to 45.4 ng dihydrotestosterone equivalent concentration (DEQ)/L in surface water, and the potency was very weak in the only detected sediment site. The levels of antiestrogenic activity were 0 to 1,296 Â 10 3 ng tamoxifen equivalent concentration (TEQ)/L in surface water and 0 to 89.5 Â 10 3 ng TEQ/g in sediment. The Shijing River displayed higher levels of hormonal activities than the Zhujiang and Liuxi rivers, indicating that the Shijing River had been suffering from heavy contamination with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The equivalent concentrations of hormonal activities in some sites were greater than the lowest-observed-effect concentrations reported in the literature, suggesting potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Environ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Zhao

Ying

Yang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In chronic toxicity tests, C. dubia proved the most sen-sitive organism. An EC50 value of 0.81 µg L −1 for tamoxifen and EC50 values ranging from 0.41 to 2.8 µg L −1 for its photoproducts, rela-tive to population growth inhibition, were found after a 7-day trial [191].…”

Section: Antineoplasicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Methotrexate revealed teratogenicity for fish embryos with an EC50 of 85 mg L −1 after 48 h of exposure [83] and acute effects in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis with an EC50 for 48 h of 45 mg L −1 [83]. Acute and chronic toxicity of tamox-ifen and its photoproducts was studied by DellaGreca et al [191], showing that both the active pharmaceutical and its photoproducts affected the rotifer B. calyciflorus and crustacean T. platyurus with LC50 values ranging from 0.95 to 1.31 mg L −1 and 0.40 to 1.59 mg L −1 respectively. In chronic toxicity tests, C. dubia proved the most sen-sitive organism.…”

Section: Antineoplasicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Santos

Araújo

Fachini

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

1,240

533

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Pharmaceuticals are biologically active and persistent substances which have been recognized as a con-tinuing threat to environmental stability. Chronic ecotoxicity data as well as information on the current distribution levels in different environmental compartments continue to be sparse and are focused on those therapeutic classes that are more frequently prescribed and consumed. Nevertheless, they indicate the negative impact that these chemical contaminants may have on living organisms, ecosystems and ultimately, public health. This article reviews the different contamination sources as well as fate and both acute and chronic effects on nontarget organisms. An extensive review of existing data in the form of tables, encompassing many therapeutic classes is presented.Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Sources, Environmental fate, Ecotoxicological effects

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“…This compound, which has double bonds and aromatic rings, may react with chemical transients generated by natural water constituents under sunlight, especially with the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical that can abstract hydrogen from saturated organics, add to double bonds or add to aromatic rings. In contrast, the chronic ecotoxicity of tamoxifen derivatives produced by direct photolysis revealed no significant differences in comparison to the parental compound (DellaGreca et al, 2007); therefore, the overall impact of tamoxifen may be underestimated, given that photoproducts were not included in the present study.…”

Section: Antineoplasticsmentioning

confidence: 42%

An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis applied to the prioritisation of pharmaceuticals as surface water contaminants from wastewater treatment plant direct emissions

Morais

Delerue–Matos

Gabarrell

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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A B S T R A C TIn this study, the concentration probability distributions of 82 pharmaceutical compounds detected in the efflu-ents of 179 European wastewater treatment plants were computed and inserted into a multimedia fate model. The comparative ecotoxicological impact of the direct emission of these compounds from wastewater treatment plants on freshwater ecosystems, based on a potentially affected fraction (PAF) of species approach, was assessed to rank compounds based on priority. As many pharmaceuticals are acids or bases, the multimedia fate model accounts for regressions to estimate pH-dependent fate parameters. An uncertainty analysis was performed by means of Monte Carlo analysis, which included the uncertainty of fate and ecotoxicity model input variables, as well as the spatial variability of landscape characteristics on the European continental scale. Several pharma-ceutical compounds were identified as being of greatest concern, including 7 analgesics/antiinflammatories, 3 β-blockers, 3 psychiatric drugs, and 1 each of 6 other therapeutic classes. The fate and impact modelling relied extensively on estimated data, given that most of these compounds have little or no experimental fate or ecotoxicity data available, as well as a limited reported occurrence in effluents. The contribution of estimated model input variables to the variance of freshwater ecotoxicity impact, as well as the lack of experimental abiotic degradation data for most compounds, helped in establishing priorities for further testing. Generally, the effluent concentration and the ecotoxicity effect factor were the model input variables with the most significant effect on the uncertainty of output results.

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Phototransformation products of tamoxifen by sunlight in water. Toxicity of the drug and its derivatives on aquatic organisms

Cited by 65 publications

References 17 publications

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Screening of multiple hormonal activities in surface water and sediment from the Pearl River system, South China, using effect‐directed in vitro bioassays

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis applied to the prioritisation of pharmaceuticals as surface water contaminants from wastewater treatment plant direct emissions

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