Phototoxicity of selected non-ionic surfactants to soybean Glycine max cell suspensions

“…The detergent, a watersoluble nonionic surfactant designated here as LAEO (Linear alochol ethylene oxide) was dissolved directly into the medium. This compound is an adjunct of 1-decanol containing eight ethylene oxide units and was purchased as a purified (>99%) single component 5 (2). Statistical and regression analyses were run to compare the various methods of analysis and treatment (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Various Growth Parameters of Cell Suspension Cultures to Determine Phytotoxicity of Xenobiotics

1984

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An assessment was made of various parameters to measure growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wilkin’] and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) cell suspension cultures to establish convenient methods of screening the effects of chemicals. Methods assessed were settled cell volumes, packed cell volumes, absorbance at 525 nm of sonicated aliquots, dry weights (of aliquots or entire flask contents), and electrical conductivity and pH of the culture medium. Settled cell volumes, conductivity, and dry-weight changes were the most useful of the methods tested for determining the phytotoxicity of a nonionic linear alcohol ethylene oxide detergent (an adduct of 1-dodecanol containing eight ethylene oxide units) and the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Because 3 to 4 weeks were required to assess whether the cultures could grow out of the initial inhibition by the detergent or herbicide, none of the methods was rapid. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and their relative values for screening compounds are described.

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“…Mineral soils have cation exchange capacities largely due to permanent charge with little pH-dependent charge. The pH-dependent CEC of peat in its natural state may be as low as 50 meq/100 g. After liming to pH 5.5, values > 100 meq/100 g are obtained and CEC, may be >130 meq/100 g at pH 7.0 (4,12).…”

Section: Additional Index Words Dolomite Ph Perlite Vermiculitementioning

confidence: 98%

“…(5) and be toxic to cells in culture (J, 4), isolated cells (25,27), roots (9,12), and leaves (7,8,14). Limited data are available on surfactant toxicity in relation to the chemistry and physicochemical properties of surfactant solutions, including critical micelle concentration (3,4,7,8) and surface tension (4,12,14). However, no detailed data are available on the development of surfactant toxicity symptoms or the effects of spray application factors on surfactant toxicity to plant leaves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Octylphenoxy Surfactants: V. Toxicity to Cowpea Leaves and Effects of Spray Application Parameters

Lownds

Bukovac

1988

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Surfactant toxicity was examined following application of octylphenol and linear alcohol surfactants to the adaxial surface of 10-day-old cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata ‘Dixielee’] leaves. Leaf damage first appeared as isolated discolored areas at the periphery of the droplet area, developed toward the center, and, when most severe, the entire droplet area was necrotic. Epidermal cells beneath the droplet area became discolored, lost structural integrity and collapsed. Similar changes were observed in the palisade layer and spongy parenchyma. In addition, walls of damaged cells were preferentially stained with Safranin O. For a given surfactant dose, phytotoxicity increased with increasing concentration, droplet volume, and temperature and decreased with increasing humidity. In general, phytotoxicity was inversely related to the length of the ethoxy (EO) chain for both the octylphenol (Triton X) and C12-15 linear alcohol (Neodol 25) surfactant series. Tissue did not recover after injury. Chemical names used: octylphenoxypoly(ethoxy)ethanol (Triton X-100), linear alcohol ethoxylate (Neodol 25-9).

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Phototoxicity of selected non-ionic surfactants to soybean Glycine max cell suspensions

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Biological effects of surfactants: Part 6—effects of anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants on a green alga (Chlamydomonas)

Biological effects of surfactants: Part 6—effects of anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants on a green alga (Chlamydomonas)

A Comparison of Various Growth Parameters of Cell Suspension Cultures to Determine Phytotoxicity of Xenobiotics

Studies on Octylphenoxy Surfactants: V. Toxicity to Cowpea Leaves and Effects of Spray Application Parameters

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