Photothermal Efficiencies of Nanoshells and Nanorods for Clinical Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

With clinical trials for photothermal tumor ablation using laser-excited tunable plasmonic nanoparticles already underway, increasing understanding of the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticle-based photothermal heating takes on increased urgency. Here we report a comparative study of the photothermal transduction efficiency of SiO 2 /Au nanoshells, Au 2 S/Au nanoshells, and Au nanorods, directly relevant to applications that rely on the photothermal response of plasmonic nanoparticles. We compare the experimental photothermal transduction efficiencies with the theoretical absorption efficiencies for each nanoparticle type. Our analysis assumes a distribution of randomly oriented nanorods, as would occur naturally in the tumor vasculature. In our study, photothermal transduction efficiencies differed by a factor of 3 or less between the different types of nanoparticle studied. Both experiment and theory show that particle size plays a dominant role in determining transduction efficiency, with larger particles more efficient for both absorption and scattering, enabling simultaneous photothermal heating and bioimaging contrast enhancement.

Effect of Extended Extinction from Gold Nanopillar Arrays on the Absorbance Spectrum of a Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell

“…In addition, Mie Theory predicts that for smaller particles absorption within the particles dominates scattering. We thus consider the possibility that the extra extinction in the smaller width NP arrays we have studied is dominated by nanopillar absorption, and estimate how much of the power absorbed by the nanopillars in our arrays goes to Joule heating [23][24][25]. (Note that in the measured extinction spectra of Figure 2b, the back electrode is absent; while in the calculation for Joule heating efficiency presented here it is included.)…”

Conductive polymer-based nanoparticles for laser-mediated photothermal ablation of cancer: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

“…While the PTT conversion efficiency of certain types of GNPs has been previously defined, 23,25,34 to the best of our knowledge, there have not been any studies that compare the PTT conversion efficiency of GNPs to those of CPNPs. As per our results, both P1-PMD and PEDOT-PMD have PTT conversion efficiencies 50% (Figure 3).…”

“…The PTT conversion or transduction efficiency, η T , of the polymeric NPs was calculated using a method previously reported by Roper et al [23][24][25] η T is defined by Equation 1:…”

Controllable Cobalt Oxide/Au Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

“…Nanoshells are another type of metal nanostructures with interesting optical properties useful for various applications [59][60][61][62][63]. These structures, which are typically made of spherical silica cores surrounded by a layer of noble metal aggregates, have variation in size, shape and surface morphology due to the random nature of aggregation [64,65].…”