Photosynthetic/Photorespiratory Carbon Metabolism in the C3-C4 Intermediate Species, Moricandia arvensis and Panicum milioides

Holaday, A. Scott; Chollet, Raymond

doi:10.1104/pp.73.3.740

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The in vivo activity in the Atriplex hybrid can also be quite high with approximately 28 to 30% incorporation into C4 acids (23). Thus, the in vivo PEP carboxylase activity in air for our hybrid plants is more typical of that for Moricandia and Panicum intermediate species, which do not possess C4 photosynthesis (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Measurements were made in triplicate using an open gas analysis system as described earlier (4 The extraction and identification of labeled compounds was performed essentially as described by Holaday and Chollet (14). However, besides the ethanol/water extractions, three extractions with 5% (v/v) HCOOH in water were employed instead of just one water extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Holaday¹,

Brown²,

Bartlett³

et al. 1988

Plant Physiol.

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The activities of key C4 enzymes in gel-filtered, whole-leaf extracts and the photosynthetic characteristics for reciprocal F, hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C3) and F. brownii (C4-like species) were measured to determine whether any inherited C4-photosynthetic traits are responsible for their reduced CO2 compensation concentration values (AS Holaday, S Talkmitt, ME Doohan Plant Sci 41: 31-39). The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and NADP-malic enzyme (ME) for the reciprocal hybrids are only about 7 to 17% of those for F. brownii, but are three-to fivefold greater than the activities for F. pringlei. The low activities of these enzymes in the hybrids appear to be the result of a partial dominance of F. pringlei genes over certain F. brownii genes. However, no such dominance occurs with respect to the expression of genes for NADP-malate dehydrogenase, which is as active in the hybrids as in F. brownii. In contrast to the situation with the enzymes above, cytoplasmic factors appear to determine the inheritance of NAD-ME. The NAD-ME activity in each hybrid is comparable to that in the respective maternal parent. Pulse-chase 14CO2 incorporation analyses at ambient CO2 levels indicate that the hybrids initially assimilate 7 to 9% of the total assimilated CO2 into C4 acids as compared to 3.5% for F. pringlei. In the hybrids, the percentage of 14C in malate decreases from an average of 6.5 to 2.1% after a 60-second chase in 12C02/air. However, this apparent C4-cycle activity is too limited or inefficient to substantially alter CO2 exchange from that in F. pringlei, since the values of net photosynthesis and 02 inhibition of photosynthesis are similar for the hybrids and F. pringlei. Also, the ratio of the internal to the external CO2 concentration and the initial slopes of the plot of CO2 concentration versus net photosynthesis are essentially the same for the hybrids and F. pringlei. At 45 micromoles CO2 per mole and 0.21 mole 02 per mole, the hybrids assimilate nearly fivefold more CO2 into C4 acids than does F. pringlei. Some turnover of the malate pool occurs in the hybrids, but the labelling of the photorespiratory metabolites, glycine and serine, is the same in these plants as it is in F. pringlei. Thus, although limited C4-acid metabolism may operate in the hybrids, we conclude that it is not effective in altering 02 inhibition of CO2 assimilation. The ability of the hybrids to assimilate more CO2 via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase at low levels of CO2 than does F. pringlei may result in an increased rate of reassimilation of photorespiratory CO2 and CO2 compensation concentrations below that of their C3 parent. If the hybrids do possess a limited C4 cycle, it must operate intracellularly. They are not likely to have inherited an intercellular compartmentation of C4 enzymes, since F. brownii has incomplete compartmentation of key C3 and C4 enzymes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Holaday¹,

Brown²,

Bartlett³

et al. 1988

Plant Physiol.

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“…There is little synthesis of C4 acids by C3/ C4 Panicum species at atmospheric CO2 levels, but a much higher percentage of the CO2 assimilated near r was reported to be in malate and aspartate (17). More recent experiments at C02 levels near 100 ul L', however, show no increase in 14C labeling of malate and aspartate after short exposure to 14CO2 compared to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (12,15). So that, although involvement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation at low CO2 concentrations is not certain, the somewhat elevated levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C3/C4 Panicum species (3) may be effective in maintaining low r or CO2 loss in C02-free air, but not in reducing 02 inhibition of AP at atmospheric levels of CO2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Photosynthesis, Leaf Anatomy, and Morphology of Progeny from Hybrids between C₃ and C₃/C₄Panicum Species

Bouton

Brown²,

Evans³

et al. 1986

Plant Physiol.

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Species in the Laxa group of Panicum have C3 or C3/C4 photosynthesis based on leaf anatomical and CO2 exchange characteristics. Hybrids were previously made between C3/C4 and C3 species in this group (RH Brown et al. 1985 Plant Physiol 77: 653-658). In this paper, CO2 exchange, morphological, and leaf anatomical characteristics of F2 or Fs progeny from colchicine-induced amphiploids of C3/C4 x C3 hybrids (Panicum milioides Nees ex Trin. 1C3/C41 x Panicum laxum Mez 1C31 and Panicum spathellosum Doell [C3/C4j x Panicum boliviense Hack. 1C31) were studied.There were no differences found in morphology or physiology between the amphiploids and the F, hybrids from which they were produced. In the segregating progeny, CO2 compensation concentration and photorespiration values typical of C3, but not of C3/C4 plants, were recovered. Progeny were found from both crosses which possessed 02 inhibition of apparent photosynthesis typical of the parents, and in the case of the P. milioides x P. laxum cross, leaf anatomy and overall plant morphology typical of the parents were observed in some progeny. The progeny were found to possess recombinations of various traits associated with reduced photorespiration, so that no correlation existed among 02 inhibition of apparent photosynthesis, CO2 compensation concentration, and leaf anatomical traits. One plant was especially noteworthy in possessing leaf anatomy typical of C3/C4 plants, but MATERIALS AND METHODSDescription of the P. milioides (accession 101) x P. laxum (accession 127) and P. spathellosum (accession 109) x P. boliviense (accession 121) F, hybrids can be found in a previous publication (6). These hybrids were, respectively, triploid (2n = 3x = 30) and pentaploid (2n = 5x = 50) and both were pollen sterile and produced no selfed seed. It was therefore necessary to double their chromosome numbers in an attempt to restore fertility. To accomplish this, rooted tillers of the hybrids were soaked in an aqueous solution (1 g L-') of colchicine for 24 h, then rinsed for 2 h in tap water and planted in plastic pots containing a peat-soil mixture. A great deal of plant damage was observed, but as new growth developed approximately 6 weeks later, culms were noticed which contained plump anthers and viable pollen. These sectors were removed, placed in water until roots formed, and then transplanted to pots containing a mixture of equal parts soil, peat, and perlite. Chromosome counts of root tips revealed the pollen fertile P. milioides x P. laxum sectors to be hexaploid (2n = 6x = 60) and the P. spathellosum x P. boliviense sectors to be decaploids (2n = lOx = 100).Seeds were harvested from these amphiploid plants, and seedlings, along with replicated, rooted cuttings of both parents, the F, hybrid and the amphiploid, were established in pots in the greenhouse. The initial screening of segregates was by measuring F in 30-ml syringes as described earlier (6). For this screening plants were grown in a greenhouse maintained at 25 to 35°C during the day and 20 to 25°C at...

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“…Total nitrogen content was determined on dried ground leaf material (Wiley mill, 20 mesh) using a standard Kjeldahl technique (UNL Agronomy Department, Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1975). Total free amino acids were assayed by first crushing 100 mg of ground leaf material in a small amount of liquid nitrogen, then boiling the crushed material for 3-4 s in 75% ethanol to extract the soluble nitrogen compounds (Atkins & Canvin [1971], as modified by Holaday & Chollet [1983]). This solution was transferred to an 8-cm Buchner funnel and filtered through Whatman No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Resource Use by a Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner on a Native Crucifer

Collinge

Louda

1988

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Photosynthetic/Photorespiratory Carbon Metabolism in the C₃-C₄ Intermediate Species, Moricandia arvensis and Panicum milioides

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Photosynthesis, Leaf Anatomy, and Morphology of Progeny from Hybrids between C₃ and C₃/C₄Panicum Species

Patterns of Resource Use by a Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner on a Native Crucifer

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Photosynthetic/Photorespiratory Carbon Metabolism in the C3-C4 Intermediate Species, Moricandia arvensis and Panicum milioides

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F1 Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C3) and Flaveria brownii (C4-Like Species)

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F1 Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C3) and Flaveria brownii (C4-Like Species)

Photosynthesis, Leaf Anatomy, and Morphology of Progeny from Hybrids between C3 and C3/C4Panicum Species

Patterns of Resource Use by a Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner on a Native Crucifer

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Photosynthetic/Photorespiratory Carbon Metabolism in the C₃-C₄ Intermediate Species, Moricandia arvensis and Panicum milioides

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Enzymic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Reciprocal F₁ Hybrids of Flaveria pringlei (C₃) and Flaveria brownii (C₄-Like Species)

Photosynthesis, Leaf Anatomy, and Morphology of Progeny from Hybrids between C₃ and C₃/C₄Panicum Species