Patterns of Resource Use by a Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner on a Native Crucifer

Collinge, Sharon K.; Louda, Svaťa M.

doi:10.1093/aesa/81.5.733

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Overall, our complementary experiments allow us to formulate a working hypothesis of how plant defensive chemistry shapes the foraging ecology of S. nigrita at the between‐patch, between‐plant, and between‐leaf levels. Further, we present experimental evidence indicating that biased leaf selection by female flies likely drives the distributional patterns of feeding damage in natural bittercress stands reported in earlier studies (Collinge and Louda ). We report several lines of evidence suggesting that S. nigrita adults avoid high concentrations of GLS, even though flies were more attracted to the GLS‐yielding Arabidopsis that harmed their larvae compared to GLS knock‐out Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore

Humphrey

Gloss

Alexandre

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Most herbivorous insect species are restricted to a narrow taxonomic range of host plant species. Herbivore species that feed on mustard plants and their relatives in the Brassicales have evolved highly efficient detoxification mechanisms that actually prevent toxic mustard oils from forming in the bodies of the animals. However, these mechanisms likely were not present during the initial stages of specialization on mustard plants ~100 million years ago. The herbivorous fly Scaptomyza nigrita (Drosophilidae) is a specialist on a single mustard species, bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia; Brassicaceae) and is in a fly lineage that evolved to feed on mustards only in the past 10–20 million years. In contrast to many mustard specialists, S. nigrita does not prevent formation of toxic breakdown products (mustard oils) arising from glucosinolates (GLS), the primary defensive compounds in mustard plants. Therefore, it is an appealing model for dissecting the early stages of host specialization. Because mustard oils actually form in the bodies of S. nigrita, we hypothesized that in lieu of a specialized detoxification mechanism, S. nigrita may mitigate exposure to high GLS levels within plant tissues using behavioral avoidance. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA) treatment increased GLS biosynthesis in bittercress, repelled adult female flies, and reduced larval growth. S. nigrita larval damage also induced foliar GLS, especially in apical leaves, which correspondingly displayed the least S. nigrita damage in controlled feeding trials and field surveys. Paradoxically, flies preferred to feed and oviposit on GLS‐producing Arabidopsis thaliana despite larvae performing worse in these plants versus non‐GLS‐producing mutants. GLS may be feeding cues for S. nigrita despite their deterrent and defensive properties, which underscores the diverse relationship a mustard specialist has with its host when lacking a specialized means of mustard oil detoxification.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…). But because additional factors confounded with GLS content such as leaf abscission rate (Bultman and Faeth ), nutrient density and/or leaf toughness can vary with leaf age (Collinge and Louda ; Travers‐Martin and Müller ), establishing the causal factors driving leaf choice within stems awaits future experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore

Humphrey

Gloss

Alexandre

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This is not surprising, as large, highly attractive leaves and stems, the type most often damaged, are often situated on the lower part of the plant (personal observation; Collinge and Louda 1988;Dechert and Ulber 2004). Therefore, under natural conditions, they are often hidden from herbivores by neighbouring vegetation, independent of plant size.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Size and Component Characteristics On Feedimentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding damage to plants increases with plant size across 21 Brassicaceae species

et al. 2015

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Plant size is a major predictor of ecological functioning. We tested the hypothesis that feeding damage to plants increases with plant size, as the conspicuousness of large plants makes resource finding and colonisation easier. Further, large plants can be attractive to herbivores, as they offer greater amounts and ranges of resources and niches, but direct evidence from experiments testing size effects on feeding damage and consequently on plant fitness is so far missing. We established a common garden experiment with a plant size gradient (10-130 cm height) using 21 annual Brassicaceae species, and quantified plant size, biomass and number of all aboveground components (flowers, fruits, leaves, stems) and their proportional feeding damage. Plant reproductive fitness was measured using seed number, 1000 seed weight and total seed weight. Feeding damage to the different plant components increased with plant size or component biomass, with mean damage levels being approximately 30 % for flowers, 5 % for fruits and 1 % for leaves and stems. Feeding damage affected plant reproductive fitness depending on feeding damage type, with flower damage having the strongest effect, shown by greatly reduced seed number, 1000 seed weight and total seed weight. Finally, we found an overall negative effect of plant size on 1000 seed weight, but not on seed number and total seed weight. In conclusion, being conspicuous and attractive to herbivores causes greater flower damage leading to higher fitness costs for large plants, which might be partly counterbalanced by benefits such as enhanced competitive/compensatory abilities or more mutualistic pollinator visits.

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“…This interval was chosen as a compromise, to allow detection of chemical differences as well as herbivore responses. Most oviposition by insects occurs in June, and differential levels of damage have usually accumulated by mid-July (Louda 1984, Collinge and Louda 1988a, b, 1989). Concentrations of leaf chemicals decline throughout the season (Rodman andLouda 1984, 1985).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Resistance to Insect Herbivores: A Field Test of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis

Louda¹,

Collinge²

1992

Ecology

141

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Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that environmental stresses decrease overall plant resistance to insect herbivory in the field and evaluated biochemical mechanisms proposed to explain insect response to stressed plants. To impose a stress treatment, we severed lateral roots and rhizomes of a native crucifer (bittercress, Cardamine cordifolia) and quantified plant and herbivore responses for treatment and control clones. Severing roots and rhizomes once, early in the growing season: (1) produced moderate, but detectable, changes in plant physiological traits, specifically greater transient leaf water deficits at midday (P < .05) and elevated nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (P < .05); (2) altered plant quality, by causing an increase in soluble carbohydrates (P < .003), isoleucine concentrations in leaves (P < .01), and possibly glucosinolate concentration (P < .10), but made no differences in most primary nutrient concentrations, including total nitrogen, total free amino nitrogen, total amino acids, proline, and leaf water content; and (3) led to increased herbivore by chewing and leaf-mining (P < .001), but not by sap-feeding, insect herbivores. Trends toward decreased plant stature and fruit reproduction were not significant after 1 mo. In addition to the significant effect of our treatment, we found extensive variation in the magnitude of response to stress and herbivory among replicates. We hypothesize that environmentally induced physiological variation among plants within a plant population commonly distributes insect herbivore disproportionately onto a subset of the individuals, and in so doing influences the demography, distribution, and evolution of that plant population.

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Patterns of Resource Use by a Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner on a Native Crucifer

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore

Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore

Feeding damage to plants increases with plant size across 21 Brassicaceae species

Plant Resistance to Insect Herbivores: A Field Test of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis

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