Photosynthetic and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) under Salinity Stress

Alkhatib, Rami; Abdo, Nour; Mheidat, Maha

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7070181

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Therefore, disturbances in the turgidity of guard cells may be the possible reason for reduced transpiration and stomatal conductance under salt stress [ 50 ]. Similar to our findings, a significant reduction in net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductivity was also reported in purslane, wheat, white willow, and eggplant [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits

Sanwal

Kumar

Kesh

et al. 2022

Plants

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Salinity stress is a major constraint to sustainable crop production due to its adverse impact on crop growth, physiology, and productivity. As potato is the fourth most important staple food crop, enhancing its productivity is necessary to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population. Identification and cultivation of salt-tolerant potato genotypes are imperative mitigating strategies to cope with stress conditions. For this purpose, fifty-three varieties of potato were screened under control and salt stress conditions for growth and yield-related traits during 2020. Salt stress caused a mean reduction of 14.49%, 8.88%, and 38.75% in plant height, stem numbers, and tuber yield, respectively in comparison to control. Based on percent yield reduction, the genotypes were classified as salt-tolerant (seven genotypes), moderately tolerant (thirty-seven genotypes), and salt-sensitive genotypes (nine genotypes). Seven salt-tolerant and nine salt-sensitive genotypes were further evaluated to study their responses to salinity on targeted physiological, biochemical, and ionic traits during 2021. Salt stress significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance, and K+/Na+ ratio in all the sixteen genotypes; however, this reduction was more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotypes compared to salt-tolerant ones. The better performance of salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress was due to the strong antioxidant defense system as evidenced by greater activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and better osmotic adjustment (accumulation of proline). The stepwise regression approach identified plant height, stem numbers, relative water content, proline content, H2O2, POX, tuber K+/Na+, and membrane stability index as predominant traits for tuber yield, suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress. The identified salt-tolerant genotypes could be used in hybridization programs for the development of new high-yielding and salt-tolerant breeding lines. Further, these genotypes can be used to understand the genetic and molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in potato.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits

Sanwal

Kumar

Kesh

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…This was probably due to inhibition of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate enzyme and the structural destruction of the chloroplast and photosynthetic apparatus, ultimately resulting in a decrease in photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and CSI [ 20 , 31 ]. Similar results were also observed in eggplants under high salt stress, with reductions in photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and CO 2 intake [ 39 ]. The decrease was found to be more significant in WH-1105 than in KRL-210, showing that the latter is more salt tolerant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Silicon Supplementation Alleviates the Salinity Stress in Wheat Plants by Enhancing the Plant Water Status, Photosynthetic Pigments, Proline Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Sharma

Kumar

Sharma

et al. 2022

Plants

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Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element on earth after oxygen and is very important for plant growth under stress conditions. In the present study, we inspected the role of Si in the mitigation of the negative effect of salt stress at three concentrations (40 mM, 80 mM, and 120 mM NaCl) in two wheat varieties (KRL-210 and WH-1105) with or without Si (0 mM and 2 mM) treatment. Our results showed that photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content, protein content, and carbohydrate content were reduced at all three salt stress concentrations in both wheat varieties. Moreover, lipid peroxidation, proline content, phenol content, and electrolyte leakage significantly increased under salinity stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities, like catalase and peroxidase, were significantly enhanced under salinity in both leaves and roots; however, SOD activity was drastically decreased under salt stress in both leaves and roots. These negative effects of salinity were more pronounced in WH-1105, as KRL-210 is a salt-tolerant wheat variety. On the other hand, supplementation of Si improved the photosynthetic pigments, relative water, protein, and carbohydrate contents in both varieties. In addition, proline content, MDA content, and electrolyte leakage were shown to decline following Si application under salt stress. It was found that applying Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities under stress conditions. Si showed better results in WH-1105 than in KRL-210. Furthermore, Si was found to be more effective at a salt concentration of 120 mM compared to low salt concentrations (40 mM, 80 mM), indicating that it significantly improved plant growth under stressed conditions. Our experimental findings will open a new area of research in Si application for the identification and implication of novel genes involved in enhancing salinity tolerance.

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“…Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles for energy conversion in cells. Their inner membrane is not only the carrier of energy conversion but also the chemical reaction site of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and chloroplast photosynthesis [ 30 , 31 ]. There is an electron transport chain (respiratory chain) related to oxidative phosphorylation on the inner membrane of mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hypoxia Stress on Growth, Root Respiration, and Metabolism of Phyllostachys praecox

Rukh

Ruan

et al. 2022

Life

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Hypoxia affects plant growth, hormone content, various enzyme activities, cell structure, peroxide production, and metabolic level, therefore reducing crop yield. This study assessed the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic characteristics of Phyllostachys praecox. Results revealed that hypoxia stress treatment significantly inhibited plant growth. Leaf chlorophyll contents was initially improved and then reduced with plant growth time. Under hypoxia stress, the root activity significantly was reduced, leading to the decrease in the nutrient absorption and transport. Yet, with low oxygen concentration, the contents of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and lactic acid were improved. With hypoxia stress, phospholipids and amino acids were the main metabolites of Phyllostachys praecox. Glycosphospholipid metabolism is the key pathway in responding to hypoxia stress significantly (p < 0.05), and lysophosphatidlycholine (lysoPC) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) in the metabolites of this metabolic pathway were significantly enhanced. Our study reveals the mechanism of Phyllostachys praecox cell membrane responding to hypoxia stress based on molecular level. This is conducive to finding targeted solutions to improve the productivity of Phyllostachys praecox to better optimize a mulching approach in the bamboo forest.

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Photosynthetic and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) under Salinity Stress

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits

Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits

Silicon Supplementation Alleviates the Salinity Stress in Wheat Plants by Enhancing the Plant Water Status, Photosynthetic Pigments, Proline Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Effects of Hypoxia Stress on Growth, Root Respiration, and Metabolism of Phyllostachys praecox

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