Photosynthesis

Dodge, A. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2433-9_1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Photosynthetic inhibitors, such as the Photosystem II (PS II) electron transport inhibitor diuron (review by Dodge17), effectively inhibited the Hill reaction using isolated thylakoids from wheat with ferricyanide as electron acceptor (Fig 1). This light‐dependent in vitro activity correlated with in vivo effects, including inhibition of phototrophic growth in algae and Lemna and reduced carbon assimilation of Galium plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What it takes to get a herbicide's mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion

Großmann¹

2005

Pest Management Science

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Discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action is a priority assignment in plant protection research. However, for active compounds identified in greenhouse screens, the crucial point is to tread the most efficient path in determining a herbicide's target site, regarding chance of success, time and research costs. Today, in the literature, molecular (functional genomics, transcriptomics), biochemical (proteomics) and analytical (metabolomics) approaches are particularly discussed. So far, less attention has been focused on the comprehensive physiological profiling of the complex plant system as a procedure which enables new herbicides, with an unknown target site for their mode of action, to be screened rapidly. Here, the concept of an array of 'functional' bioassays is presented which has ultimately been developed from the classical tool of mode of action diagnosis by symptoms. These bioassays are designed to differentiate between the distinct responses of the multiple organization units (plant, tissue, meristematic cell, organelle), developmental stages, types of metabolism (phototrophic, heterotrophic) and physiological processes in the plant organism. The response pattern to a herbicide can be viewed as the end result of changes induced in the molecular and biochemical process chain and should be diagnostic of its physiological mode of action. The results can be interpreted directly or a fingerprint database for all known modes of action to be screened for analogy. The term 'physionomics' is proposed for this comprehensive physiological profiling of the plant system, following the parallel terminology of the molecular and biochemical 'omics' technologies. Physionomics procedures provide a first clue to the mode of action of a new herbicide that can direct more time-consuming and costly molecular, biochemical, histochemical or analytical studies to identify a target site more efficiently.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What it takes to get a herbicide's mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion

Großmann¹

2005

Pest Management Science

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“…Resistance has been assumed to be associated with alterations to physiologic and/or morphologic traits in the phenotypes that inhibit herbicide uptake, translocation, site of action, or metabolism [29]. In all but a few plant biotypes resistant to photosystem II inhibitors (primarily the s-triazines), their resistance is due to a modification of amino acid residues on the D-1 pigment protein at the target site [30,31]. This may not account for resistance of S. alterniflora for growth inhibition measured at 1 week is consistent for plants with a met-abolic basis for tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine Effects on Estuarine Macrophytes Spartina Alterniflora and Juncus Roemerianus

Lytle¹,

Lytle²

1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Two dominant estuarine marsh plants, Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora, were exposed for 35 d to three dose levels of atrazine with measured concentrations of approximately 0.03, 0.25, and 3 mg/L to assess peroxidase (POD) activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll changes, and growth rates. The objective of the study was to evaluate toxicity of atrazine and to measure multiple endpoints to assess their value as biomarkers of atrazine stress or resistance. In S. alterniflora, exposure to 3.1 mg/L of atrazine did not significantly inhibit growth, generated no lipid peroxidation products, and did not affect chlorophyll production, but did significantly enhance POD activity. In contrast, in J. roemerianus, atrazine exposure significantly inhibited growth at 3.8 mg/L, produced lipid peroxidation products and inhibited chlorophyll production in a dose-response fashion, and did not elicit a POD response. In combination, POD activity and lipid peroxidation are useful indicators of atrazine stress to these plants. Results of the study indicate that J. roemerianus would decline or die off if exposed to chronically high environmental concentrations of atrazine, whereas minimal damage would occur to S. alterniflora.

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“…Resistance has been assumed to be associated with alterations to physiologic and/or morphologic traits in the phenotypes that inhibit herbicide uptake, translocation, site of action, or metabolism [29]. In all but a few plant biotypes resistant to photosystem II inhibitors (primarily the s ‐triazines), their resistance is due to a modification of amino acid residues on the D‐1 pigment protein at the target site [30,31]. This may not account for resistance of S. alterniflora for growth inhibition measured at 1 week is consistent for plants with a metabolic basis for tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine effects on estuarine macrophytes Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus

Lytle

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Two dominant estuarine marsh plants, Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora, were exposed for 35 d to three dose levels of atrazine with measured concentrations of approximately 0.03, 0.25, and 3 mg/L to assess peroxidase (POD) activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll changes, and growth rates. The objective of the study was to evaluate toxicity of atrazine and to measure multiple endpoints to assess their value as biomarkers of atrazine stress or resistance. In S. alterniflora, exposure to 3.1 mg/L of atrazine did not significantly inhibit growth, generated no lipid peroxidation products, and did not affect chlorophyll production, but did significantly enhance POD activity. In contrast, in J. roemerianus, atrazine exposure significantly inhibited growth at 3.8 mg/L, produced lipid peroxidation products and inhibited chlorophyll production in a dose‐response fashion, and did not elicit a POD response. In combination, POD activity and lipid peroxidation are useful indicators of atrazine stress to these plants. Results of the study indicate that J. roemerianus would decline or die off if exposed to chronically high environmental concentrations of atrazine, whereas minimal damage would occur to S. alterniflora.

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Photosynthesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

What it takes to get a herbicide's mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion

What it takes to get a herbicide's mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion

Atrazine Effects on Estuarine Macrophytes Spartina Alterniflora and Juncus Roemerianus

Atrazine effects on estuarine macrophytes Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus

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