Photosynthesis and Respiration in Developing Fruits. I. C14O2 Uptake by Young Oranges in Light and in Dark

Bean, R. C.; Todd, Glenn W.

doi:10.1104/pp.35.4.425

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…However, other mechanisms at the metabolic level, might also play a role in citrate accumulation. Dark CO 2 fixation in the juice sac cells, mainly by PEP carboxylase (PEPC), could serve as a controlling point for acid accumulation (Bean and Todd 1960; Clark and Wallace 1963; Young and Biale 1968; Yen and Koch 1990). However, no correlation was found between PEPC and changes in acid content during fruit development, or between low‐ and high‐acid varieties (Sinclair 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aconitase activity and expression during the development of lemon fruit

Sadka¹,

Dahan²,

Cohen³

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

133

115

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Citrus fruits are characterized by the accumulation of high levels of citric acid in the juice sac cells and a decline in acid level toward maturation. It has been suggested that changes in mitochondrial aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) activity affect fruit acidity. Recently, a cytosolic aconitase (cyt‐Aco) homologous to mammalian iron‐regulated proteins was identified in plants, leading us to re‐evaluate the role of aconitase in acid accumulation. Aconitase activity was studied in 2 contrasting citrus varieties, sweet lime (Citrus limettioides Tan., low acid) and sour lemon (Citrus limon var. Eureka, high acid). Two aconitase isozymes were detected. One declined early in sour lemon fruit development, but was constant throughout sweet lime fruit development. Its reduction in sour lemon was associated with a decrease in aconitase activity in the mitochondrial fraction. Another isozyme was detected in sour lemon toward maturation, and was associated with an increase in aconitase activity in the soluble fraction, suggesting a cytosolic localization. The cyt‐Aco was cloned from lemon juice sac cells, but in contrast to the changes in isozyme activity, its expression was constant during fruit development. We present a model, which suggests that reduction of the mitochondrial aconitase activity plays a role in acid accumulation, while an increase in the cyt‐Aco activity reduces acid level toward fruit maturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aconitase activity and expression during the development of lemon fruit

Sadka¹,

Dahan²,

Cohen³

et al. 2000

Physiologia Plantarum

133

115

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“…Earlier experiments designed to test the cobalt requirements of tomatoes indicated that cobalt could be successfully removed from salt solutions by alkaline sulfide precipitation with copper as carrier (3). However, further study of the procedure…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Surface layers of the young fruits of many plants contain chlorophyll and apparently are capable of carrying on photosynthesis as was shown by the use of C1402 in the previous paper of this series (3). It would be of some interest to know to what extent photosynthesis in the fruit might contribute to the growth of the fruit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis & respiration in developing fruits . II. Comparative rates at various stages of development

1961

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“…Eruit photosynthesis has also been assessed by uptake of labelled "'CO2 into the apple by Allentoff, Phillips & Johnston (1954), Wienieke (1968) and Hansen (1969), into citrus and avocado fruit by Huffaker & Wallaee (1959), Bean & Todd (1960), Clark, Wallaee & Mueller (1961), Bean, Porter & Barr (1963), Clark & Wallace (1963), Bogin & Wallace (1966) and Young & Biale (1968). Allentoff and co-workers exposed detached mature apples in the dark to 0.05, 1 or 5% CO2 in addition to the ambient 0.03% CO2 concentration.…”

Section: Eeeding '''Co2 To Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit photosynthesis

Blanke

Lenz

1989

Plant Cell & Environment

278

121

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Abstract. In addition to photosynthesis as in the leaf, fruit possess a system which refixes CO2 from the mitochondrial respiration of predominantly imported carbon. This pathway produces malate by the action of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC, (E.C. 4.1.1.31) and appears to be regulated primarily by the cytosolic concentration of HCO3/CO2 and malate. Malate is stored in the vacuole as malic acid, constituting a major carbon pool and a potential substrate for respiration. The PEPC in apple fruit proves to be an efficient form of the enzyme with low Michaelis constants, i.e. Km = 0.09 mol m‐3 PEP and 0.2 mol m–3 HCO3, and large Ki= 110 mol m‐3 HCO3. In fleshy fruit, chlorophyll and chloroplasts are unevenly distributed; they resemble the C3 sun‐type and arc concentrated in the perivascular tissue, with smaller chloroplasts, fewer grana per chloroplast and a larger degree of vacuolation than commonly found in a leaf of the same species. Fruit photosynthesis often compensates for respiratory CO2 loss in the light. However, due to respiration in the dark, CO2 loss is in excess of photosynthetic gain in the light, such that a continual loss of CO2 was observed in the diurnal cycle and which is maintained throughout fruit development. The rate of CO2 exchange decreases on a fresh weight or surface basis, but increases with fruit ontogeny on a per fruit basis, causing accumulation of several percent CO2 in the internal cavity. Stomata are present in the outer epidermis of those fruits examined, but with a 10‐to 100‐fold lesser frequency than in the abaxial epidermis of leaf of the same species. The number of Stomata is set at anthesis and remained constant, while the stomatal frequency decreases as the fruit surface expands. Stomata are as sensitive as in leaves in the early stages of fruit development, but often are transformed into lenticels during fruit ontogeny, thereby decreasing the permeability of the outer epidermis. The discrepancy between the CO2‐concentrating mechanism provided by PEPC analogous to C4/CAM Photosynthesis and the kinetics of fruit PEPC, characteristic of C3/non‐autotrophic tissue, suggests the definition of a new type of ‘fruit photosynthesis’ rather than its categorization within an existing type.

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Photosynthesis and Respiration in Developing Fruits. I. C¹⁴O₂ Uptake by Young Oranges in Light and in Dark

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Aconitase activity and expression during the development of lemon fruit

Aconitase activity and expression during the development of lemon fruit

Photosynthesis & respiration in developing fruits . II. Comparative rates at various stages of development

Fruit photosynthesis

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