Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) by Organotin(IV) Compounds against Photodegradation

Abstract

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), a polymer widely used in common household and industrial materials, undergoes photodegradation upon ultraviolet irradiation, leading to undesirable physicochemical properties and a reduced lifetime. In this study, four telmisartan organotin(IV) compounds were tested as photostabilizers against photodegradation. PVC films (40-µm thickness) containing these compounds (0.5 wt%) were irradiated with ultraviolet light at room temperature for up to 300 h. Changes in various polymeric parameters, including the growth of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and alkene functional groups, weight loss, reduction in molecular weight, and appearance of surface irregularities, were investigated to test the efficiency of the photostabilizers. The changes were more noticeable in the blank PVC film than in the films containing the telmisartan organotin(IV) compounds. These results reflect that these compounds effectively inhibit the photodegradation of PVC, possibly by acting as hydrogen chloride and radical scavengers, peroxide decomposers, and primary photostabilizers. The synthesized organotin(IV) complexes could be used as PVC additives to enhance photostability.

Protection of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films against Photodegradation Using Various Valsartan Tin Complexes

“…Complex 1, which is highly aromatic (three phenyl, two aryl, and one tetrazole moieties) was the most efficient additive for stabilizing the polymeric materials. It has been reported that additives containing aromatic moieties are more efficient PVC photostabilizers compared with the corresponding ones containing aliphatic residues [31]. Complex 1 absorbs UV irradiation directly and releases the adsorbed energy over a long period of time at a rate that is not harmful to the PVC chains.…”

“…The substituents on the synthesized tin complexes are varied to include aliphatic (butyl groups) or aromatic substituents (phenyl groups). Recently, various additives (Figure 1), including polyphosphates [18][19][20], Schiff bases [21][22][23][24][25], aromatic compounds [26,27], and organic-metal complexes [28][29][30][31], were investigated for use as PVC stabilizers. Some success has been achieved; however, research into the design of new and efficient PVC stabilizers for use on the commercial scale is ongoing.…”

The Trend of Additives for Poly(vinyl chloride) as Photostabilizers: Article Review

“…The main use of organotin (IV) compounds is to stabilize PVC against UV light [11]. Several di-organotin (IV) and tri-organotin complexes were syntheses by the reaction of Ph 3 SnCl, Ph 2 SnCl 2 , Bu 3 SnCl, Me 3 SnCl and Me 2 SnCl 2 with different ligands such as benzamidoleucine [12], ciprofloxacin [13,14], benzamidoacetic acid [15], benzamidoglycin [16], furosemide [17], naproxen [32] and telmisartan [33].…”

The Effect of UV Aging on the Structure of PVC in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Compounds

“…Emad's group used Polyphosphates as photostabilizers of PVC [13]. Figure 1) were synthesized from the reaction of telmisartan and the appropriate tin(IV) chloride salts as previous reported [16]. The complexes have been characterized by FTIR, 1 H-, 13 C-and 119 Sn-NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), as reported [16].…”

“…Figure 1) were synthesized from the reaction of telmisartan and the appropriate tin(IV) chloride salts as previous reported [16]. The complexes have been characterized by FTIR, 1 H-, 13 C-and 119 Sn-NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), as reported [16]. The preparation of polymeric Films 5 g of PVC was dissolved in 100 mL of THF and left to stir for 30 min at 25 C, after that 0.5 wt% of the new stabilizers (1, 2, 3, or 4) was added to the mixture and left to stir for more 30 min.…”