Photosensitizers attenuate LPS-induced inflammation: implications in dentistry and general health

Couto, Ana Carolina Fernandes; Carvalho, Roberto Gameiro de; Brancini, Guilherme Thomaz Pereira; Martins, Fernando Grine; Sorgi, Carlos Artério; Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra da; Filho, Paulo Nelson; Paula-Silva, Francisco Wanderley Garcia; Borsatto, Maria Cristina; Braga, Gilberto Úbida Leite; Júnior, Arthur Belém Novaes

doi:10.1007/s10103-020-03180-2

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Various reviews show that PDT has antibacterial effects on many periodontal pathogens in vitro, 103 and PDT also reduces the biological activity of LPS production by pathogenic bacteria. 104 However, only a little focus is on the plaque microbial changes after PDT treatment. The most common way to detect bacteria is polymerase chain reaction (PCR); sometimes, RNA probes are also used.…”

Section: Bacterial Composition In the Dental Plaque After Pdt-assiste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy in periodontitis: A narrative review

Nie,

Zhang,

Pathak

et al. 2024

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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BackgroundPeriodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, is primarily caused by a dysbiotic microbiome, leading to the destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues and tooth loss. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which combines excitation light with photosensitizers (PS) and oxygen to produce antibacterial reactive oxygen species, is emerging as a promising adjuvant treatment for periodontitis.MethodsThis review focuses on studies examining the antibacterial effects of PDT against periodontal pathogens. It also explores the impact of PDT on various aspects of periodontal health, including periodontal immune cells, human gingival fibroblasts, gingival collagen, inflammatory mediators, cytokines in the periodontium, vascular oxidative stress, vascular behavior, and alveolar bone health. Clinical trials assessing the types of PSs and light sources used in PDT, as well as its effects on clinical and immune factors in gingival sulcus fluid and the bacterial composition of dental plaque, are discussed.ResultsThe findings indicate that PDT is effective in reducing periodontal pathogens and improving markers of periodontal health. It has shown positive impacts on periodontal immune response, tissue integrity, and alveolar bone preservation. Clinical trials have demonstrated improvements in periodontal health and alterations in the microbial composition of dental plaque when PDT is used alongside conventional treatments.ConclusionsPDT offers a promising adjunctive treatment for periodontitis, with benefits in bacterial reduction, tissue healing, and immune modulation. This article highlights the potential of PDT in periodontal therapy and emphasizes the need for further research to refine its clinical application and efficacy.

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Section: Bacterial Composition In the Dental Plaque After Pdt-assiste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy in periodontitis: A narrative review

Nie,

Zhang,

Pathak

et al. 2024

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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“…It can be applied more frequently than antimicrobials because a-PDT does not cause bacterial resistance. Research also suggests that a-PDT can inactivate endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria [ 9 , 10 ] and has an effect on wound healing [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Residual Periodontal Pockets during the Maintenance Phase

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) in combination with scaling root planing (SRP) is more effective at improving periodontal status than SRP alone. However, the effectiveness of a-PDT in combination with irrigation for patients undergoing periodontal maintenance has not been clarified. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a-PDT in the maintenance phase. Patients who had multiple sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) of 4–6 mm in the maintenance phase were treated with a split-mouth design. These sites were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the a-PDT group and the irrigation group. In the a-PDT group, the periodontal pockets were treated with light-sensitive toluidine blue and a light irradiator. In the irrigation group, the periodontal pockets were simply irrigated using an ultrasonic scaler. After 7 days, the safety and efficacy of a-PDT were assessed. The mean PPD of the a-PDT group had reduced from 4.50 mm to 4.13 mm, whereas negligible change was observed in the irrigation group. BOP significantly improved from 100% to 33% in the PDT group, whereas it hardly changed in the irrigation group. No adverse events were observed in any patients. a-PDT may be useful as a noninvasive treatment in the maintenance phase, especially in patients with relatively deep periodontal pocket.

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