Photosensitization by Coumarin Derivatives

Kaidbey, Kays H.; Kligman, Albert M.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1981.01650050014012

Cited by 47 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Herniarin is also considered a strong photosensitizing and phototoxic compound, although to a lesser degree compared with psoralen-type coumarins. 73 Myrcene was inconclusive in in silico and did not activate any experimental KE tested. Therefore, it may be considered a nonsensitizer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several coumarins, especially psoralenes, are mostly regarded as phototoxic or photosensitizers. 73 Conflicting reports regarding the skin sensitization potential have been described in the literature. Both umbelliferone and herniarin were considered non-sensitizing in guinea pig and open epicutaneous tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the main German chamomile constituents, farnesene and umbelliferone are the main constituents of concern. [73][74][75] Herniarin and umbelliferone can be found in German chamomile extracts in concentration up to 915 and 290 ppm, respectively. 1 aand b-farnesenes are major constituents of German chamomile essential oils, with concentrations reaching up to 30% and 50%, respectively, depending on the chemotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Testing Strategy for the Safety of Botanical Ingredients: A Case Study with German Chamomile Constituents

Avonto

Wang

Ahn

et al. 2021

Applied In Vitro Toxicology

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Introduction: German chamomile is a botanical ingredient commonly used in cosmetics, thus determination of skin sensitization effects of German chamomile constituents is critical for the safety of consumers. Nonetheless, a systematic investigation of skin sensitization potential of chamomile constituents is lacking. Non-animal methods for skin sensitization hazard evaluation have been progressively accepted as attractive alternatives to conventional animal models, especially when used in an integrated fashion. Materials and Methods: In the present work, 30 constituents of German chamomile were investigated for skin sensitization using in silico, in chemico, and in vitro methods, including classification-quantitative structure-activity relationship (c-QSAR) models (ADMET predictor and CASE Ultra), an expert knowledge-based system (Derek Nexus), the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA), the high-throughput assay with dansylated cysteamine (HTS-DCYA), the KeratinoSens Ô assay, and the human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT). Results and Discussion: Identical classification was found for 14 compounds upon comparison between computational and experimental methods. Seven compounds (umbelliferone, apigenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, nerol, a-terpinene, and carvone) were positive in both models, that is, in silico and experimental settings. Seven other compounds (caffeic acid, t-ferulic acid, cosemetin, hyperoside, a-terpineol, a-bisabolol, and chamazulene) were determined to be non-sensitizers instead. Conclusions: Among the compounds positive in experimental settings, umbelliferone and farnesene should be regarded as a potential concern because of their positive classification and significant concentration in German chamomile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrated Testing Strategy for the Safety of Botanical Ingredients: A Case Study with German Chamomile Constituents

Avonto

Wang

Ahn

et al. 2021

Applied In Vitro Toxicology

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“…A human or guinea pig study may be conducted (Ichikawa et al, 1981, Kaidbey, 1981. A full review of available animal models and human clinical testing for photoirritation and photoallergenicity can be found in Nash (2009).…”

Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM) safety evaluation process for fragrance ingredients

Api

Belsito

Bruze

et al. 2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

1,575

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“…in experimental studies in volunteers, 6-MC was not phototoxic, in contrast with 7-MC. However, 6-MC was photoallergenic in the human photomaximisation test (76,77). The US regulatory position has been discussed (78).…”

Section: Coumarins 6-methylcoumarin (6-mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%