“…Overall, the immobilization of the PAEs and the use of a simple camera is a significant step towards more practical applications of PAE‐based arrays in hypothesis‐free sensor applications …”
Fluorescent, water-soluble poly(p-aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) were immobilized on commercially available nylon membranes by using a slot plotter, creating fluorescent, barcode-like sensor strips. Digital imaging by using a standard digital camera, before and after immersion of the strips in buffers of different pH, displays a unique color for each pH value. Statistical evaluation, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA), of the acquired data revealed that the immobilized PAEs are superior to the identical fluorophores when dissolved. The pH sensor array discriminates 20 different brands of commercial-cola soft drinks through differences in pH and colorant-PAE interactions.
“…Overall, the immobilization of the PAEs and the use of a simple camera is a significant step towards more practical applications of PAE‐based arrays in hypothesis‐free sensor applications …”
Fluorescent, water-soluble poly(p-aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) were immobilized on commercially available nylon membranes by using a slot plotter, creating fluorescent, barcode-like sensor strips. Digital imaging by using a standard digital camera, before and after immersion of the strips in buffers of different pH, displays a unique color for each pH value. Statistical evaluation, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA), of the acquired data revealed that the immobilized PAEs are superior to the identical fluorophores when dissolved. The pH sensor array discriminates 20 different brands of commercial-cola soft drinks through differences in pH and colorant-PAE interactions.
“…As the sum of the normalized values equals 1 for each pixel, any combination of the two values is sufficient to describe the color, and only R and G are displayed. 14…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12 Recently, our group used the anisotropy of zeolite ZSM-5 crystals to determine the dispersion, aggregate size and amount of ZSM-5 within a single FCC particle. 13 Inspired by the work of Schwaebel et al, 14 we have developed in this work a versatile photo-spectroscopy method to determine both the age and type of an individual FCC catalyst particle simply on the basis of its colour aer applying a selective staining procedure. To determine the specic colour of a large number of FCC catalyst particles we have used an off-the-shelf digital single lens reex (DSLR) photo-camera with a macro lens.…”
Within a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a mixture of catalyst particles that consist of either zeolite Y (FCC-Y) or ZSM-5 (FCC-ZSM-5) is used in order to boost the propylene yield when processing crude oil fractions. Mixtures of differently aged FCC-Y and FCC-ZSM-5 particles circulating in the FCC unit, the so-called equilibrium catalyst (Ecat), are routinely studied to monitor the overall efficiency of the FCC process. In this study, the age of individual catalyst particles is evaluated based upon photographs after selective staining with substituted styrene molecules. The observed color changes are linked to physical properties, such as the micropore volume and catalytic cracking activity data. Furthermore, it has been possible to determine the relative amount of FCC-Y and FCC-ZSM-5 in an artificial series of physical mixtures as well as in an Ecat sample with unknown composition. As a result, a new practical tool is introduced in the field of zeolite catalysis to evaluate FCC catalyst performances on the basis of photo-spectroscopic measurements with an off-the-shelf digital single lens reflex (DSLR) photo-camera with a macro lens. The results also demonstrate that there is an interesting time and cost trade-off between single catalyst particle studies, as performed with e.g. UV-vis, synchrotron-based IR and fluorescence micro-spectroscopy, and many catalyst particle photo-spectroscopy studies, making use of a relatively simple DSLR photo-camera. The latter approach offers clear prospects for the quality control of e.g. FCC catalyst manufacturing plants.
“…In den, im Übersichtsartikel vorgestellten, Arbeiten werden jedoch nicht alle Vorzüge der durch Kameras erhaltenen Informationen genutzt. Beispielsweise können durch die Analyse von Reaktionen, die Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen ausgesetzt werden,45 große Datenmengen gesammelt werden, worüber in einer neueren Arbeit berichtet wurde 46. Eine zweidimensionale, nichthomogene Reaktionsmischung wurde in eine Petri‐Schale gegeben, die sich auf einem waagerecht positionierten LCD‐Computermonitor befand (Abbildung 11).…”
Die organische Synthese ist im Wandel begriffen: Da Forschungsetats zunehmend gekürzt werden und der Einfluss chemischer Verfahren auf die Umwelt genau geprüft wird, wird immer deutlicher, dass der effiziente Einsatz von Personal im Labor mindestens so bedeutsam ist wie die Materialverwendung. Neue Techniken und Maschinen verändern unsere Arbeitsweise, und indem die zuvor genannten Punkte — Personal und Material – erfasst werden, ermöglichen sie es Chemikern in Forschungslaboratorien, einen eher ganzheitlichen Ansatz für ihre Tätigkeit zu finden. Moderne Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet fördern multidisziplinäres Vorgehen mit dem Ergebnis effizienterer Arbeit. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Konzepte, Verfahren und Methoden, die weitreichende Implikationen für die Chemie insgesamt haben. Thematisch ist der Aufsatz nach unterschiedlichen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten gegliedert, und neuere Anwendungen in innovativen Forschungslabors werden beschrieben.
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