Photoresponsive polymer–enzyme switches

Shimoboji, Tsuyoshi; Larenas, Edmund; Fowler, Tim; Kulkarni, Samarth; Hoffman, Allan S.; Stayton, Patrick S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.262427799

Cited by 312 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This phenomenon is reversible and it turns back to the original trans isomer state upon irradiation with visible light; therefore, it has been used in many light-responsive polymeric systems. 15 …”

Section: Intelligent Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent polymers as nonviral vectors

2005

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The successful gene therapy largely depends on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient gene delivery to target cells with minimal toxicity. Nonviral vectors are much safer and cheaper, can be produced easily in large quantities, and have higher genetic material carrying capacity. However, they are generally less efficient in delivering DNA and initiating gene expression as compared to viral vectors, particularly when used in vivo. As nonviral vectors, polycations may work well for efficient cell uptake and endosomal escape, because they do form compact and smaller complexes with plasmid DNA and carry amine groups, which give positive charge and buffering ability that allows safe escape from endosome/lysosome. However, this is a disadvantage in the following step, which is releasing the plasmid DNA within the cytosol. In order to initiate transcription and enhance gene expression, the polymer/plasmid complex should dissociate after releasing from endosome safely and effectively. There are also other limitations with some of the polycationic carriers, for example, aggregation, toxicity, etc. Intelligent polymers, also called as 'stimuli responsive polymers', have a great potential as nonviral vectors to obtain site-, timing-, and duration period-specific gene expression, which is already exhibited in recent studies that are briefly summarized here. Gene Therapy (2005) 12, S139-S145.

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Section: Intelligent Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent polymers as nonviral vectors

2005

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“…However, because these brushes are almost universally constructed from synthetic polymers, they are frequently somewhat heterogeneous and are challenging to modify at specific monomeric positions along the chain. 9,10 While there have been notable successes integrating these materials with proteins to control biological function 11,12 , such strategies require covalent conjugation of the protein to the polymer, which can be inefficient and can compromise biological function 13 . These limitations can potentially be overcome by creating a new class of polymer brushes based on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stimuli-sensitive intrinsically disordered protein brushes

et al. 2014

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Grafting polymers onto surfaces at high density to yield polymer brush coatings is a widely employed strategy to reduce biofouling and interfacial friction. These brushes almost universally feature synthetic polymers, which are often heterogeneous and do not readily allow incorporation of chemical functionalities at precise sites along the constituent chains. To complement these synthetic systems, we introduce a biomimetic, recombinant intrinsically disordered protein that can assemble into an environment-sensitive brush. This macromolecule adopts an extended conformation and can be grafted to solid supports to form oriented protein brushes that swell and collapse dramatically with changes in solution pH and ionic strength. We illustrate the value of sequence specificity by using proteases with mutually orthogonal recognition sites to modulate brush height in situ to predictable values. This study demonstrates that stimuli-responsive brushes can be fabricated from proteins and introduces them as a new class of smart biomaterial building blocks.

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“…It is clear that applications of many different NPs are involved in such systems, especially quantum dot fluorescence emitters and their nano-technologies. There is much work going on to develop useful "feed-back" systems combining imaging and delivery systems with NPs such as Quantum Dots [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. 6 DNA will be critical to future nano-and picoscale applications DNA is likely to be the key molecule in the future nanoscale applications.…”

Section: Imaging and Imaging + Therapeutics ("The-ranostics") Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%