Photoprotective effects of sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in ultraviolet B–irradiated hairless mice by suppressing nuclear factor-κB expression

Abstract

Ceramide-containing phospholipids improve skin hydration and barrier function and are ideal for use in skin care products. In this study, we evaluated the photoprotective effect of milk phospholipids on the skin condition of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Skin parameters were assessed following oral administration of milk phospholipids. The UVB irradiation induced photoaging in mice. The animals were divided into 5 groups: a control group (oral administration of saline with no UBV irradiation), UVB group (oral administration of saline with UVB irradiation), and 3 UVB irradiation groups receiving the milk phospholipids at 3 different concentrations of oral administration, 50 mg/ kg (ML group), 100 mg/kg (MM group), and 150 mg/ kg (MH group), for 8 wk. An increase in skin hydration and transepidermal water loss were improved in the 150 mg/kg of milk phospholipid-administered group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a decrease in epidermal thickness in the milk phospholipid-administered groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of body weight). In particular, the 100 and 150 mg/kg groups showed significant changes in the area, length, and depth of the wrinkles compared with the UVB group. Moreover, the gene expression of matrix metalloproteins was attenuated, and that of proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, was significantly reduced in the milk phospholipid-administered groups than in the UVB group. The reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the skin tissue due to UVB exposure were restored to levels similar to those of the control group following milk phospholipid administration. These results were confirmed to be due to the downregulation of protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated IκB-α (inhibitor of κB α). Collectively, oral administration of milk phospholipids improves skin health through a synergistic effect on photoprotective activity.

In Vitro Anti-Photoaging and Skin Protective Effects of Licania macrocarpa Cuatrec Methanol Extract

“…UVB radiation causes dehydration of the skin tissue, which breaks down the skin barrier and causes skin aging [ 8 ]. Therefore, hydration is important for maintaining the normal functioning of the skin.…”

Serum lipidomics‐based study of electroacupuncture for skin wound repair in rats

“…It has also been shown that exogenous phosphatidylcholine accelerates the wound healing process, allowing keratinocytes to complete proliferation and migration to form a new layer of keratin in a relatively short period of time 24 . Oral administration of lactophospholipids to hairless mice exposed to UV‐B radiation‐induced photoaging resulted in downregulation of protein expression of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and phosphorylated IκB‐α (κB‐α inhibitor), a significant decrease in the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor‐α, and improved skin hydration and barrier function 25 . The skin barrier‐improving effect of lactoferrin appears to be associated with the activation of Nrf2‐keap1, which is associated with ROS scavenging.…”

“… 24 Oral administration of lactophospholipids to hairless mice exposed to UV‐B radiation‐induced photoaging resulted in downregulation of protein expression of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and phosphorylated IκB‐α (κB‐α inhibitor), a significant decrease in the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor‐α, and improved skin hydration and barrier function. 25 The skin barrier‐improving effect of lactoferrin appears to be associated with the activation of Nrf2‐keap1, which is associated with ROS scavenging. Lactoferrin activates Nrf2 and increases the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO‐1, thereby reducing ROS produced by UV exposure.…”

Anti-skin aging activity of eggshell membrane administration and its underlying mechanism

“…ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage cell structures such as nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (Birben et al 2012). Physiologically, aberrant increases in ROS production have been demonstrated to be associated with various disorders, including premature aging, inflammation, skin dryness, and skin cancer (Ichihashi et al 2003;Ahn et al 2022). Intracellular ROS are sustained at a certain level by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems present in the cell (Nimse et al 2015).…”