Photopolymerised methacrylate-based emulsion-templated porous polymers

Kimmins, Scott D.; Wyman, Paul; Cameron, Neil R.

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.06.015

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The HIPE formulation was prepared as detailed by Kircher et al [20] and by Kimmins et al [21] and injected as an aqueous phase in the microfluidic platform. Briefly, the monomers 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (5.0 g), isobornyl acrylate (4.0 g), and dipentaerythritol penta/hexa-acrylate (1.0 g) were mixed in a round bottomed flask.…”

Section: Polyhipe Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ready… set, flow: simple fabrication of microdroplet generators and their use in the synthesis of PolyHIPE microspheres

Lapierre

Cameron

Zhu

2015

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Abstract. During the last decade, research and development in microfluidic devices have grown significantly due to their wide variety of applications in physics, chemistry and biology. A specific category of microfluidic devices focuses on the generation of micro-emulsions that can be used, for example, as chemical and biological reactors to synthesize new materials and perform assays. However, the traditional fabrication process of such microfluidic devices involves the use of special instrumentations and clean room facilities. These steps are generally expensive, time consuming and require specific levels of expertise. In this article, an alternative method to fabricate robust microfluidic devices using conventional components and a new commercially available self-setting rubber is presented. Using this method, a cheap, reproducible and easy to manufacture microfluidic device has been developed for generating single and double emulsions in the range of 100s of µm with high throughput. One possible application of this device is demonstrated with the synthesis of highly porous polymer beads from a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE). The fabricated lunar-like microbeads could find potential application in 3-dimensional cell culture due to their high porosity (up to 95 %) and pore size (from 5 to 30 µm). The process here presented offers great opportunities for chemists and biologists interested in synthesising new materials while minimizing time, costs and expertise in the development of microfluidic systems.

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Section: Polyhipe Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ready… set, flow: simple fabrication of microdroplet generators and their use in the synthesis of PolyHIPE microspheres

Lapierre

Cameron

Zhu

2015

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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“…Typically surface area ranging between 3-20 m 2 •g −1 may be achieved and increased further by replacing a proportion of the continuous monomer phase with non-polymerisable solvents [2,3] . Generally, PolyHIPEs are created via thermal polymerisation of the continuous phase which can take up to 24 hours [4] . The most widely used monomers in PolyHIPE chemistry are styrene and its derivatives, and often the crosslinker divinylbenzene, due to their hydrophobic properties [1,2,5,6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of EHA increases the elasticity of the polymer matrix and its hydrophobic properties lowers the interfacial tension between the two phases which results in a lower void diameter [7] . Producing Poly-HIPE blends of EHA [4,8] , typically with IBOA, provides a route to control the mechanical properties. These materials are water immiscible and offer adequate rigidity to support cell proliferation which can be improved by the inclusion of acrylic acid [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Pierre et al employed EHA and IBOA monomers with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) crosslinker and Span 80 as surfactant, showing the effect of the monomer choice (EHA or IBOA) on the elastic properties of the monolith as well as employing photoinitiated polymerisation as a curing method [10] . Photoinitiated polymerisation reduces the cure time to seconds, which means that less stable emulsions can be cured which might otherwise destabilise during the long process of thermal curing or with increase in temperature [2,4,10,12] . This approach has potentially increased the versatility of PolyHIPE systems, and there is a growing interest in the use of photocurable monomers for their production [4,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write

Malayeri¹,

Sherborne²,

Paterson³

et al. 2024

IJB

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This paper describes the direct laser write of a photocurable acrylate-based PolyHIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) to produce scaffolds with both macro-and microporosity, and the use of these scaffolds in osteosarcoma-based 3D cell culture. The macroporosity was introduced via the application of stereolithography to produce a classical "woodpile" structure with struts having an approximate diameter of 200 μm and pores were typically around 500 μm in diameter. The PolyHIPE retained its microporosity after stereolithographic manufacture, with a range of pore sizes typically between 10 and 60 μm (with most pores between 20 and 30 μm). The resulting scaffolds were suitable substrates for further modification using acrylic acid plasma polymerisation. This scaffold was used as a structural mimic of the trabecular bone and in vitro determination of biocompatibility using cultured bone cells (MG63) demonstrated that cells were able to colonise all materials tested, with evidence that acrylic acid plasma polymerisation improved biocompatibility in the long term. The osteosarcoma cell culture on the 3D printed scaffold exhibits different growth behaviour than observed on tissue culture plastic or a flat disk of the porous material; tumour spheroids are observed on parts of the scaffolds. The growth of these spheroids indicates that the osteosarcoma behave more akin to in vivo in this 3D mimic of trabecular bone. It was concluded that PolyHIPEs represent versatile biomaterial systems with considerable potential for the manufacture of complex devices or scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In particular, the possibility to readily mimic the hierarchical structure of native tissue enables opportunities to build in vitro models closely resembling tumour tissue.

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“…Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is a functional monomer used in the preparation of polyHIPE materials and is usually cross-linked by ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or DVB. [8,9] Epoxy groups, which can be further functionalised to, for example, ion exchange groups, [10] make GMA suitable monomer for chromatographic applications. [11] So far GMA-based polyHIPEs have been successfully prepared and used as catalyst supports, [12] as filtration media [13] for protein separation [11,[14][15][16] and as columns for liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring morphological features of cross-linked emulsion-templated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

Huš

Kolar

Krajnc

2015

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) samples with total porosity up to 91% were prepared by the polymerisation of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Morphological features like cavity and interconnecting pore diameter were investigated and successfully controlled by changing the initiator system, surfactant ratio, pore volume ratio, stirring rate and reaction mixture temperature. All resulting porous polyHIPE monoliths had open cellular morphology with cavity diameters between sub-μm and 30 μm.

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Photopolymerised methacrylate-based emulsion-templated porous polymers

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Ready… set, flow: simple fabrication of microdroplet generators and their use in the synthesis of PolyHIPE microspheres

Ready… set, flow: simple fabrication of microdroplet generators and their use in the synthesis of PolyHIPE microspheres

Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write

Tailoring morphological features of cross-linked emulsion-templated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

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