Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes

Abstract

Abstract. Kendarini N, Aisyah SI, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2022. Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 4716-4723. The main factors influencing garlic growth and development were genetics, photoperiod, and temperature. Low temperature and short photoperiod were required for initial growth, followed by a long photoperiod and high temperature for bulbing and bolting. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic genotypes to photoperiod on the vegetative growth and bulbing initiation, and physiological traits (C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content). Four garlic genotypes used in this experiment consisted of two Chinese garlic genotypes (hardneck and softneck) and two local garlic cultivars (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru). The garlic plants were subjected to the treatment of short photoperiod (control) and long photoperiod (night break and extension methods). The results showed that the Chinese hardneck and softneck had plant vegetative growth with a higher vigor than Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru in all photoperiod treatments. Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru had bulbing index below 0.3 in all photoperiods. The Chinese hardneck and softneck genotypes had bulbing index greater than 0.5 in all photoperiod treatments, except the hardneck in the night break treatment. The bulbing initiation in Chinese garlic genotypes was delayed in long photoperiod treatments. High temperature during the experiment affected bulbing initiation in long photoperiod treatment. The garlic genotypes had different responses to photoperiod treatments in C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content. The vegetative growth increased under extension treatment, and night break accelerated bulb formation. Long photoperiod increased C content and C/N ratio in the leaves while it decreased N content and photosynthetic pigment content. The late maturity time (Chinese hardneck and Chinese softneck) depended on long photoperiods for the bulbing formation. In contrast, local garlic cultivars with the early and mid-season types (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru) were insensitive to photoperiod.

Agronomic responses of four garlic genotypes in two different locations

“…The highest mean of chlorophyll content was observed from Lumbu Putih (69.58) whereas the lowest mean was observed from Lumbu Hijau (64.01). These results confirmed previous works suggesting that the number of leaves (El Nagar & El-Zohiri, 2015;Robledo-Paz & Manuel, 2012) and chlorophyll content in SPAD value (Ghoshi et al, 2020;Aswani et al, 2022;Kendarini et al, 2022) were significantly influenced by genotype.…”

Genetic Variability Studies of Indonesian Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Accessions Based on Morphological Traits

“…Despite the urgency for developing superior varieties, very limited exploration and characterization of Indonesia's local garlic accessions transpired (Hardiyanto et al, 2007;Wahyuni et al, 2023). Moreover, most previous studies discussed their agronomical aspects, such as, adaptation (Kurniaty et al, 2022;Saidah et al, 2022), cultivation techniques (Aswani et al, 2022;Dianawati et al, 2022), temperature, and photoperiod effect on their vegetative growth (Azmi et al, 2022;Kendarini et al, 2022). The genetic information on the available Indonesian local garlic germplasm is still scarce, yet it is necessary for breeding new varieties.…”

Morpho-physiological traits, quality and productivity of garlic under drought stress of different growth stages

“…The bulbing stage is the most critical time to water, so smaller bulbs and quicker maturity will occur from insufficient irrigation. So, the soil's moisture content should be kept at its ideal level to promote continuous development and marketable production (Kendarini et al, 2022). The best production of this bulb crop depends on carefully controlled irrigation because the garlic crop is susceptible to water scarcity and shortage (Yayeh et al, 2021).…”