Photonic sensor devices for explosive detection

Willer, Ulrike; Schade, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2934-2

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Short stand-off detection (8 inches) of bulk TNT (1 mg mm −2 ) was obtained using an ultrasensitive microphone, and increased to 2.5 m using a 0.6 m diameter parabolic sound reflector [202,206]. The C-O stretch, centered near 8.3 μm, of the homemade explosive TATP was detected in the gas phase in the near field using QE-PAS [205,212]. Multivariate analysis has also been used in combination with IR (9-11 μm, 30-500 mW) scanning PAS in a cavity cell configuration to identify less than 100 μg DNT, TNT, Tetryl, RDX, HMX, PETN, and TATP [213].…”

Section: Photoacoustic Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased dramatically since publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis [Moore DS, Goodpaster JV, Anal Bioanal Chem 395:245-246, 2009]. Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. Part I discussed methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. This part, Part II, will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.

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Section: Photoacoustic Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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“…The two CÀO stretch bands nearñ ¼ 1200 cm À1 can clearly be seen. Assuming the equilibrium concentration of $65 ppm for TATP in ambient air, a theoretical detection limit of 1 ppm TATP can be estimated with this set-up at ambient pressure and temperature conditions [69].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Explosives

Schade

Orghici

Mordmüller

et al. 2012

Handbook of Biophotonics

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Nowadays, much attention is given to the detection of explosives in order to prevent terrorist activities and assure security at airports, aviation, public transportation, convention halls, concerts, and so on. The location of undetonated and buried landmines is also a matter of great importance that could help to minimize fatalities and injuries among civilians caused by mines detonating. Another problem related to the use of explosives is the fact that nitrogen-based explosives, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), are toxic and able to rapidly penetrate the skin, leading to significant health problems [1,2]. For this reason, the sensing of hazardous substances may be of great interest at many facilities, where explosive materials were/are still manufactured and deposited, in order to avoid contamination of the soil or groundwater with the toxic compounds that can result from improper waste disposal, and to ensure the safety of both workers and nearby residents.As can be seen, the detection of explosives is a significant task in the field of security and environmental analysis. Over the last several years major efforts have been focused on developing innovative sensing devices, capable of detecting hazardous species. In contrast to commonly used methods, such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), gas chromatography, or mass spectrometry, that require sampling for performing analysis and are relatively cost-intensive, optical methods are ideally suited for a fast online and in situ detection of hazardous substances due to their contact-free and nondestructive operation.However, at the present time, there is no sensing system available which can identify all explosive compounds, promising high sensitivity, selectivity, and low false-alarm rate, simultaneously. Depending on the nature of the applications, sensing devices based on different laser spectroscopic methods have been developed, each of them offering high efficiency for a specific type of explosive material. A reliable detection of explosive traces in the vapor phase or in the form of particles, essential for security applications, can only be achieved by combining the sensing methods and their respective features. In the following, an overview of several laser-

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“…The detection of explosives and related compounds is an issue of major importance in different fields. Nearly all known analytical methods have already been investigated for their applicability to analyze explosives (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). A review of the instrumentation used for trace detection of explosives was given by Moore in 2004 (1) and was supplemented with advances in 2007 (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of the instrumentation used for trace detection of explosives was given by Moore in 2004 (1) and was supplemented with advances in 2007 (2). Some more recent reviews of the various analytical methods can be found in the literature (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In general, gas chromatography (GC) is the method of choice, while a range of different detectors can be coupled with this instrument.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Explosives by GC‐UV

Andrasko¹,

Lagesson-Andrasko²,

Dahlén

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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A mixture of explosives was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) linked to ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry that enabled detection in the range of 178 -330 nm. The gas phase UV spectra of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), glycerine trinitrate (NG, nitroglycerine), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), pentaerytritol tetranitrate (PETN) were successfully recorded.The most interesting aspect of the current application is that it enabled simultaneous detection of both the target analyte and its decomposition products. At suitable elevated temperatures of the transfer line between the GC instrument and the UV detector, a partial decomposition was accomplished. Detection was made in real time and resulted in overlaid spectra of the mother compound and its decomposition product. Hence, the presented approach added another level to the qualitative identification of the explosives in comparison to traditional methods that relies only on the detection of the target analyte. As expected, the decomposition product of EGDN, NG and PETN was NO, while TATP degraded to acetone. DNT and TNT did not exhibit any decomposition at the temperatures used.UV detection in gas phase is a sensitive and selective universal detection that is suitable for identification and quantification. It is robust with easy maintenance, no moving parts, no ionization and no vacuum pumps. It is particularly useful for detection and identification of isomers. KEYWORDS:Forensic science, ultraviolet detection, gas chromatography -ultraviolet spectrophotometry, ultraviolet spectra, explosive analysis, triacetone triperoxide, nitrate esters Gas chromatography with ultraviolet detection (GC-UV) is a hyphenation of gas chromatography and UV spectrophotometry in gas phase. The instrument INSCAN model 175, developed and built by Verner Lagesson and Ludmila Lagesson-Andrasko, was successfully employed in several studies (20,21). A spectral library containing more than 1400 gas phase UV spectra, as a basis for identification of compounds and determination of specific functional groups, was established.One of the GC-UV method advantages is an illustrative three dimensional presentation of the chromatogram. It is displayed at real time and the decomposition process can be followed visually on line. With benefit, this method can be employed in parallel with GC-MS for verification and as its complement. The simplicity and robustness of GC-UV is another advantage. It can easily be modified to a mobile design for use in the field or for continuous monitoring of industrial processes online. The GC-UV is excellent for identification of isomers and small gaseous molecules. On comparison with GC-IR detection, the sensitivity of GC-UV can be as much as 1000 times higher, depending on the 3 absorption properties of electronic spectra. The UV spectra in vapor phase are well defined because they are not influenced by solvent effects. Many substances show also vibrational fine structure overlaid to absorption bands. Thes...

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Photonic sensor devices for explosive detection

Cited by 41 publications

References 57 publications

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

Detection of Explosives

Analysis of Explosives by GC‐UV

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