Photonic Crystal Fiber Pollution Sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

Abstract

In this work, a pollution-sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology is designed and implemented for sensing refractive indices and concentrations of polluted water . The overall construction of the sensor is achieved by splicing short lengths of PCF (ESM-12) solid core on one side with traditional multimode fiber (MMF) and depositing a gold nanofilm of 50nm thickness on the end of the PCF sensor. The PCF- SPR experiment was carried out with various samples of polluted water including(distilled water, draining water, dirty pond water, chemical water, salty water and oiled water). The location of the resonant wavelength peaks is seen to move to longer wavelengths (red shift) as the refractive index increases due to the transfer of maximum energy from the reflected power of the light guided through the fiber to the surface plasmons. The experimental results show that the highest sensitivity reached 4202.6nm/RIU for oiled water, the signal to noise ratio was 0.625, the resolution was 2.4*10-5 RIU, and the figure of merit was 22.8. The prepared sensor exhibited excellent performance features, making it an excellent element for detecting water pollutants.

Unsafe food additive sensing through octagonal-core photonic crystal fibre sensor

“…Beam divergence is a parameter that assessed the light beam quality and the angle of divergence of the beam from a straight path. Beam divergence is calculated from equation (9) and equation (10) that is directly related to the spot size. Figure 11 represents the relationship between the beam divergence and operating wavelength from 1.6 to 4.0 μm for the proposed PCF sensor with the selected food additive analytes.…”

“…Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCFs), recently, have been utilised in sensing applications, other than their common use in optical communication, imaging, and many more [1][2][3]. PCFs have been implemented to measure and detect temperature, chemicals, pressure, liquid, gas, and so on [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Current research has revealed that certain food additives can cause long-term effects on humans.…”

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-Based Multimode Optical Fiber Sensors for Electrical Transformer Oil Aging Detection

“…To detect the absorption of various compounds on metal films, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag), SPR sensors employ a variety of devices. Drug discovery, environmental protection, and medical diagnostics are all areas where this technique is useful [29][30][31][32]. The investigation of positioner surface plasmon produced by light oscillations of conduction band electrons in metal nanoparticles led to a significant improvement in characteristics.…”