Photon management in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes: a review of light outcoupling micro- and nanostructures

Abstract

To allow a greater acceptance in the display and lighting markets, organic lightemitting diode (OLED) technology is currently the subject of intensive research efforts aimed at manufacturing cost-effective devices with higher efficiencies. In this regard, strategies matured in the field of photonics and nanophotonics can be applied for photon management purposes to improve the outcoupling of the generated light and to control the emission pattern. In this review, we report on the recent experimental and numerical advances to pursue those goals by highlighting the example of bottom-emitting devices. The cases of periodical microand nanostructures, as well as of stochastic ensembles that can be easily implemented using printing techniques, are covered herein. It is shown that beyond the sole optical properties, such additional elements can simultaneously improve the electrical characteristics of solutionprocessed OLEDs, and thus enable an optimization of the devices at different levels. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Light scattering by oblate particles near planar interfaces: on the validity of the T-matrix approach

“…Many applications in nano optics rely on the interaction of light with wavelength scale particles near planar surfaces, for example plasmonic structures supported by a substrate [1], or scattering layers for light management in optoelectronic thin film devices, such as organic light emitting diodes [2,3]. The T-matrix method [4][5][6], one of the most powerful tools for the modelling of light scattering by compact particles, has been adapted to include the scattering interaction between the particles and planar interfaces [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Accurate optical simulation of nano-particle based internal scattering layers for light outcoupling from organic light emitting diodes

“…where Ω is the solid angle in the substrate and I sub j (Ω) is the initial substrate radiant intensity (compare equation 30 of [11]). The next step is to convert (8) into the form required by (2), by dening the binned simulated substrate pattern as…”

Liquid Exfoliation of Decagonal Quasicrystals and Its Light Out‐Coupling Performance in Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

“…[20][21][22][23] To minimize these losses, the surface plasmonic method [24] and various light extraction methods have been adopted, such as Bragg diffraction grating, [25] low-index grids, [26] and nanostructured surface substrates. [27] However, most of the available methods are expensive as well as too complex, for large-scale production . [26,28,29] In the present study, a novel approach of the Al-Co-Cu based nano-quasicrystal is designed and developed for OLED application.…”