Photon emission from adsorbed C60 molecules with sub-nanometer lateral resolution

Berndt, Richard; Gaisch, R.; Schneider, W. D.; Gimzewski, James K.; Reihl, B.; Schlittler, R. R.; Tschudy, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00331750

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because the STM-induced photon emission (or STM-luminescence hereafter) is a local energy-dissipation process where a part of the energy carried by a tunneling electron is transferred to a radiative process, it has the potential ability to unveil local electronic structures and chemical states with high spatial resolution up to atomic scale. STM-luminescence has been observed on various surface nanostructures, such as metal surfaces (Berndt et al, 1993a(Berndt et al, , 1995Uehara et al, 1999), indirect-gap semiconductor surfaces Thirstrup et al, 1999a), direct-gap semiconductors (Sasaki and Murashita, 1999), fluorescence molecules (Berndt et al, 1993b;Fujita et al, 2001), conjugatedpolymer films Lidzey et al, 1997), quantum nanostructures (Evoy et al, 1999;Tsuruoka et al, 2003), and so on. One of the two major categories of STM-luminescence is that photon emission is triggered by an inelastic process during electron tunneling through the barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes

Fujita

Onishi

Niori

2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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We have developed an ultrahigh-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) equipped with a near-field optical detection system using novel conductive and optically transparent probes. Tunneling-electron induced photons generated in a nanometer-scale area just under the STM probe can be collected directly into the core of the optical fiber probe within the optical near-field region. Firstly, optical fiber probes coated with indium-tin-oxide thin film are applied to quantitative analysis of p-type GaAs(110) surface, where a decrease of light emission in photon mapping clearly extracts the existence of Zn accepter atoms located at the sub-surface layers. Secondly, in order to enhance the efficiency for inelastic tunneling excitation of a tip-induced plasmon mode, a STM probe coated with an Ag/ITO dual-layer film has been developed and applied to an Ag(111) surface, where photon mapping with a step resolution has been achieved by near-field detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes

Fujita

Onishi

Niori

2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Cr0ss-sectional profiles of topography and photon intensity, shown in Fig. 5, illustrate this observation quantitatively [13,14]. These experiments indicate that the C60 molecules play an active role in the emission process.…”

Section: Cluster Characterization By Scanning Tunneling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…STM topographs of the frozen C6o molecules reveal eight symmetric patterns within single molecules, which may be associated with different orientations of the fullerenes on the highly corrugated gold substrate [9 12]. Moreover, the STM was used as a local electron source to excite photon emission from hexagonal arrays of C6o molecules on Au(ll0) surfaces [13,14]. Figure 4a Fig.…”

Section: Cluster Characterization By Scanning Tunneling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission and scanning tunneling experiments with small particles on solid surfaces

Schneider

1994

Appl. Phys. A

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Abstract. The fascination of research with nanometersized objects in contact with a macroscopic surface will be illustrated by two examples: mass-selected supported transition-metal clusters and C6o molecules on metallic single-crystal substrates. The preparation, mass-selection and deposition of the small particles will be described in some detail. The main experimental techniques involved in the characterization of their electronic and structural properties are photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling methods. For the transition-metal clusters the evolution of the valence band with cluster size reveals a trend to metal formation. When the tip of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is placed above individual C6o molecules intense light emission is observed. The diameter of this emission spot is approximately 4 ~. This observation indicates the possibility of an optical spectroscopic analysis on the scale of individual molecules. PACS: 79.60.Bm, 61.16.Ch, 61.46.+w, 73.20.Hb The controlled deposition and characterization of nanometer-sized particles are of great fundamental and technological interest and significance. For example, growth processes and related quantum-confinement effects can be studied as a function of the size of the supported particles. Moreover, nanoscale structural units that maintain part of their individual characteristics after deposition are of specific importance for materials research focused on detecting new optical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of condensed matter [1]. Preparation of mass-selected nanoscale particlesThe deposition of size-selected clusters in reasonable quantities requires high fluxes of ionized clusters. The nominal current densities must be larger than 1 nA/cm 2 in order to deposit 10% of a monolayer in less than 1 h.Ionized clusters are conveniently produced in a sputtering process by bombarding a metallic target with atom or ion beams. The sputtering yields of metals are known to increase dramatically with the mass of the incident ions and with their kinetic energy. The simplest and most efficient method is to bombard metallic targets with heavy rare-gas ions (Xe +) at an energy of 30 keV and typical beam currents of 10 mA. Coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer this sputtering arrangement provides continuous ion beams of selected cluster sizes [2]. We obtain ion-beam intensities in the range of 50 to 100 nA for the monomers of several metallic elements such as Pt, Pd, Ag and Ni. A further advantage of using mass spectrometers is the low ion energy (<20 eV) needed to filter the ions. This feature is very important for cluster deposition because soft-landing conditions are reached without any subsequent decelaration of the selected ions. In fact, molecular dynamics simulations for the impact of Cu clusters on Cu single-crystal faces show that for low incoming-cluster energies of 1 eV/atom no penetration, mixing or sputtering occurs and that, when the target temperature is sufficiently low (300 K), the cluster does not ev...

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“…This kind of STM-induced photon emission, or STM-induced luminescence (STML) is a local energy-dissipation process where a part of the energy carried by a tunneling electron is transferred to a radiative process, it has the potential ability to unveil local electronic structures and chemical states with high spatial resolution up to atomic scale, and the fabrication of nanoscale light source. Up to date, STML has been successfully observed on various surface nanostructures including metal surfaces [Berndt et al, 1993a[Berndt et al, , 1995Uehara et al, 1999], indirect-gap semiconductor surfaces Thirstrup et al, 1999], direct-gap semiconductors [Sasaki & Murashita, 1999;, fluorescence molecules [Berndt et al, 1993b;Fujita et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2004;Guo et al, , 2004, conjugated polymer films [Alvarado et al, 1997& Lidzey et al, 1997, quantum nanostructures & Tsuruoka et al, 2003 etc. The STML is believed to be realized by the excitation of highly localized tunneling current of a STM through following two ways as schematically shown in figures 1 (a) and (b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Conductive and Transparent Optical Fiber Probe for Multifunctional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Guo¹,

Daisuki²

2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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Photon emission from adsorbed C60 molecules with sub-nanometer lateral resolution

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes

Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes

Photoemission and scanning tunneling experiments with small particles on solid surfaces

Novel Conductive and Transparent Optical Fiber Probe for Multifunctional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

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