Photolytic Activation of Silver Iodide in the Nucleation of Ice

Rowland, S. Clark; Layton, R. Gary; Smith, David R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0698:paosii>2.0.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This broad absorption band can be assigned to Ag obtained from photodecomposition of AgI and having a large size distribution. It is well-known that AgI in the presence of light photoreduces to Ag . The gradual dampening of the corresponding PL spectra after each cycle further confirms the photodecomposition of AgI with the increase in concentration of Ag (Supporting Information Figure S4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…It is well-known that AgI in the presence of light photoreduces to Ag. 77 The gradual dampening of the corresponding PL spectra after each cycle further confirms the photodecomposition of AgI with the increase in concentration of Ag (Supporting Information Figure S4). After photoreduction, the silver produced in the film quenches the production of hydroxyl radical (OH • ) and thus could not be recycled efficiently.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Ag@AgI, Core@Shell Structure in Agarose Matrix as Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

et al. 2012

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A novel in situ core@shell structure consisting of nanoparticles of Ag (Ag Nps) and AgI in agarose matrix (Ag@AgI/agarose) has been synthesized as a hybrid, in order to have an efficient antibacterial agent for repetitive usage with no toxicity. The synthesized core@shell structure is very well characterized by XRD, UV-visible, photoluminescence, and TEM. A detailed antibacterial studies including repetitive cycles are carried out on Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria in saline water, both in dark and on exposure to visible light. The hybrid could be recycled for the antibacterial activity and is nontoxic toward human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells). The water insoluble Ag@AgI in agarose matrix forms a good coating on quartz, having good mechanical strength. EPR and TEM studies are carried out on the Ag@AgI/agarose and the bacteria, respectively, to elucidate a possible mechanism for killing of the bacteria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Ag@AgI, Core@Shell Structure in Agarose Matrix as Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

et al. 2012

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“…The original choice of AgI as a nucleation agent was in retrospect fortuitous; pristine AgI is actually a rather poor nucleation agent and only when the surface is disordered by photolysis or other atmospheric processing does it become effective. 56 Rather than a corrugated template, such as SnPt, which is inflexible and can't accommodate the different lateral spacing needed by the first water layer and by a 3D ice film, an ideal surface for ice nucleation should have a binding energy for water that is sufficient to wet but still form a water layer that is able to relax easily, with minimal free energy cost, to match the solid surface to the bulk 3D ice structure. This implies that such a surface will be relatively un-structured, able to accommodate different lateral water spacings and not pin the first layer water into any rigid framework.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of lattice parameter in water adsorption and wetting of a solid surface

Massey

McBride

Darling

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Ice formation is a complex cooperative process that is almost invariably catalysed by the presence of an interface on which ice crystals nucleate. As yet there is no clear picture of what factors make a surface particularly good at nucleating ice, but the importance of having a template with a suitable lattice parameter has often been proposed. Here we report the contrasting wetting behaviour of a series of pseudomorphic surfaces, designed to form an ordered template that matches the arrangement of water in a bulk ice Ih(0001) bilayer. The close-packed M(111) surfaces (M = Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu and Ni) form a (√3 × √3) R30° Sn substitutional alloy surface, with Sn atoms occupying sites that match the symmetry of an ice bilayer. The lattice constant of the alloy changes from 4% smaller to 7% greater than the lateral spacing of ice across the series. We show that only the PtSn surface, with a lattice parameter some 7% greater than that of a bulk ice layer, forms a stable water layer, all the other surfaces being non-wetting and instead forming multilayer ice clusters. This observation is consistent with the idea that the repeat spacing of the surface should ideally match the O-O spacing in ice, rather than the bulk ice lattice parameter, in order to form a continuous commensurate water monolayer. We discuss the role of the lattice parameter in stabilising the first layer of water and the factors that lead to formation of a simple commensurate structure rather than an incommensurate or large unit cell water network. We argue that lattice match is not a good criteria for a material to give low energy nucleation sites for bulk ice, and that considerations such as binding energy and mobility of the surface layer are more relevant.

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“…AgI reportedly has a crystal structure similar to that of ice Ih ,, and thus enhances ice nucleation by reducing the interfacial free energy. , This suggests that the ice nucleating activity of AgI varies with the crystallographically different surfaces. ,, Photochemical decomposition of AgI crystals affects the ice nucleating activity, − probably because such decomposition changes the surface properties of AgI and thus changes the interfacial free energy . In addition, the electric charge on AgI surfaces also affects the ice nucleating activity. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Ice Nucleating Activity of Silver Iodide by Antifreeze Proteins and Synthetic Polymers

et al. 2012

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are known as anti-ice nucleating agents (anti-INAs), which inhibit ice nucleation initiated by ice nucleating agents (INAs). Although the effectiveness of anti-INAs depends on the type of INA, most previous studies on anti-INAs used only a few types of biological INAs as targets to inactivate. In this study, the effects of fish AFPs (AFP I and AFP III) and PVA on the ice nucleating activity of silver iodide (AgI) were measured by using emulsified solutions. Results showed that AgI was inactivated not only by AFPs and PVA but also by two other polymers previously not considered as anti-INAs, namely, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(ethylene glycol). Even in the presence of AgI, a non-negligible fraction, typically more than 10%, of emulsified droplets of these anti-INA solutions at 1.0 mg mL(-1) was supercooled to about -37 °C, which corresponds to ice nucleation temperature measured in the absence of AgI.

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Photolytic Activation of Silver Iodide in the Nucleation of Ice

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Ag@AgI, Core@Shell Structure in Agarose Matrix as Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

Ag@AgI, Core@Shell Structure in Agarose Matrix as Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

The role of lattice parameter in water adsorption and wetting of a solid surface

Inactivation of Ice Nucleating Activity of Silver Iodide by Antifreeze Proteins and Synthetic Polymers

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