“…The metal oxide semiconductors show high electrical conductance with high transparency in the visible region which have the applications in solar cell, light-emitting diodes, and other optoelectronic devices [4]. In the metal oxide group semiconductors, tin oxide is one of the notable semiconductors and has a wide band gap with high transparency in the visible region [5]. The research about tin oxide semiconductor is encouraged due to the potential applications such as gas sensors, lightemitting diodes, and solar cell windows [6][7][8][9].Recently, antimony, phosphorus, zinc, strontium, fluorine, nickel, and zirconium-doped SnO 2 thin films are prepared and they are characterized [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”