“…Molecules of the analyte penetrate the surface of these thin films or layers, and interact with the immobilized fluorescent dye/reagent to modulate their decay times. The incorporation of fluorescent dyes/reagents into porous materials or polymer matrices is thus a common approach in building fluorescence sensors [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The immobilization of fluorescent dyes or reagents in thin films or active layers, however, brings several limitations, which are often reflected in long-term measurement system zero-point drifts, hysteresis, limited signal amplitude/quality, and film material compatibility issues with operating environments.…”