Photoinduced refractive-index change in Sm^+2/Sm^+3 codoped aluminosilicate fiber by irradiation of an Ar-ion laser

Abstract

A Sm(+2)/Sm(+3) codoped aluminosilicate glass optical fiber was fabricated by use of modified chemical-vapor deposition in conjunction with an aerosol-delivery technique. A permanent index change of 7.6 x 10(-5) was induced in the fiber by irradiation of 1 W of multiline output from an Ar-ion laser. Bleaching of a broad absorption band of Sm(+2) in the visible range was also observed, and it is believed that photoionization of Sm(+2)? Sm(+3)+e plays an important role in the induced photorefractivity.

Formation of Tm2+ ions in germanosilicate glass optical fibers

“…However, rare-earth ions are usually stable in the trivalent state and it is not easy to obtain the divalent thulium ions in silica glass based optical fibers. The divalent state of some rare-earth ions, such as samarium and europium, in bulk glasses [4,5] or in glass fibers using aerosol delivery technique in modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process [6,7] has been demonstrated. Even though there have been efforts to obtain the divalent thulium ions in alkaline-earth fluoride crystals by irradiating trivalent thulium (Tm 3+ ) ions with c-ray [8,9] or in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution by reducing TmCl 3 with Na naphthalide [10], no experimental results have been reported for Tm 2+ ions in optical fibers and even in any bulk glasses to the best of our knowledge.…”

Absorption and emission properties of Tm2+ ions in germanosilicate glass fibers

“…However, it is not easy to dope the Tm 2+ ions into the glass fiber core because rare-earth ions are usually stable in the trivalent state. Even though the divalent state of some rare-earth ions, such as samarium and europium, in bulk glasses or in glass fibers using aerosol delivery technique in modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process has been demonstrated [5][6][7][8], and there have been a few reports to obtain the divalent thulium ions in alkaline-earth fluoride crystals by irradiating trivalent thulium (Tm 3+ ) ions with γ-ray or in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution by reducing TmCl 3 with Na naphthalide [9,10], no experimental results have been reported for the Tm 2+ ions even in any bulk glasses to the best knowledge.…”