“…At the same time, the BSUs preserve their radical character, which can be opened by changing the conditions of existence and/or storage of the substances. The latter lays the foundation of particular features of shungite carbon, favoring its application in medical treatment [122], biology [123], non-linear optics [124], mechanics [125], and so on [126]. So far, anthracite and anthraxolite have not been known from this side, while many exciting discoveries can be expected.…”
Section: Post-reaction Storage Of the Spin Chemistry Productsmentioning
sp2 Nanocarbons such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene molecules are not only open-shell species, but spatially extended, due to which their chemistry is quite specific. Cogently revealed dependence of the final products composition on size and shape of the carbons in use as well as on the chemical prehistory is accumulated in a particular property—the stabilization of the species’ radical efficiency, thus providing the matter of stable radicals. If the feature is highly restricted and rarely available in ordinary chemistry, in the case of sp2 nanocarbons it is just an ordinary event providing, say, tons-in-mass stable radicals when either producing such widely used technological products as carbon black or dealing with deposits of natural sp2 carbons such as anthracite, shungite carbon, and other. Suggested in the paper is the consideration of stable radicals of sp2 nanocarbons from the standpoint of spin-delocalized topochemistry. Characterized in terms of the total and atomically partitioned number of effectively unpaired electrons as well as of the distribution of the latter over carbon atoms and described by selectively determined barriers of different reactions exhibiting topological essence of intermolecular interaction, sp2 nanocarbons reveal a peculiar topokinetics that lays the foundation of the stability of their radical properties.
“…At the same time, the BSUs preserve their radical character, which can be opened by changing the conditions of existence and/or storage of the substances. The latter lays the foundation of particular features of shungite carbon, favoring its application in medical treatment [122], biology [123], non-linear optics [124], mechanics [125], and so on [126]. So far, anthracite and anthraxolite have not been known from this side, while many exciting discoveries can be expected.…”
Section: Post-reaction Storage Of the Spin Chemistry Productsmentioning
sp2 Nanocarbons such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene molecules are not only open-shell species, but spatially extended, due to which their chemistry is quite specific. Cogently revealed dependence of the final products composition on size and shape of the carbons in use as well as on the chemical prehistory is accumulated in a particular property—the stabilization of the species’ radical efficiency, thus providing the matter of stable radicals. If the feature is highly restricted and rarely available in ordinary chemistry, in the case of sp2 nanocarbons it is just an ordinary event providing, say, tons-in-mass stable radicals when either producing such widely used technological products as carbon black or dealing with deposits of natural sp2 carbons such as anthracite, shungite carbon, and other. Suggested in the paper is the consideration of stable radicals of sp2 nanocarbons from the standpoint of spin-delocalized topochemistry. Characterized in terms of the total and atomically partitioned number of effectively unpaired electrons as well as of the distribution of the latter over carbon atoms and described by selectively determined barriers of different reactions exhibiting topological essence of intermolecular interaction, sp2 nanocarbons reveal a peculiar topokinetics that lays the foundation of the stability of their radical properties.
“…Dynamic holography techniques have been used to measure the refractive index of carbon nanoparticles [11]. In-line holographic microscopy techniques have been used for silica nanoparticles with a resolution of 0.002 refractive index unit [12].…”
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Highlights Determination of complex refractive index of CNCs as a function of wavelength The data analysis is based on Beer-Lambert and immersion liquid method equations The refractive indexes of CNCs are considerably lower than original cellulose The method is independent of the shape or size of a particle The accuracy of the refractive index was better than ±0.005 refractive index units
“…4. Analyzing the Fig.4, one can say that it is necessary to take into account that the charge transfer between matrix organic molecule donor fragment and nanasensitizers can be organ-ized due to their high electron affinity energy (for example, electron affinity energy is close to 2 eV for shungites [9], to 2.65 eV for fullerenes [5,8] and to 3.8-4.2 eV for quantum dots [10]) that is more than the ones for intramolecular acceptor fragments (for example, electron affinity energy of COANP acceptor fragment is close to 0.54 eV [11] and to 1.14-1.4 eV for polyimide one [12]). Regarding graphenes it is necessary to take into account the high surface energy and planarity of the graphenes plane which can provoke to organize the charge transfer complex (CTC) with good advantage too.…”
It should be mentioned that promising nanoobjects, such as the fullerenes, the carbon nanotubes CNTs , the quantum dots QDs , the shungites, and the graphenes permit to found different area of applications of these nanoobjects [ -]. The main reason to use the fullerenes, shungites, and quantum dots is connected with their unique energy levels and high value of electron affinity energy. The basic features of carbon nanotubes and graphenes are
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