Photographic appearance of high-current vacuum arcs prior to and during anode spot formation

Janiszewski, J.; Zalucki, Z.

doi:10.1007/bf01795145

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is fully applied to recent observations of a jet [4,5] arising near the anode of a high current vacuum arc burning for 10 ms. Observations were made by means of streak photography. Similar objects were also observed previously (see, for example, [6,7]), but a long exposure used in those experiments made the images vague and the bright sheath impossible to iden tify. In this work, we try to gain a deeper insight into the physics of the anode jet and its characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

et al. 2012

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“…As for other experiments about the anode jet, Janiszewsk earlier observed a clear anode jet. In figure 26 (figure 5(c) of the paper [18]), the researchers used pure Cu electrodes with diameter of 55 mm, peak current 10.1 kA, and observed the anode jet around the current peak. As can be seen from the time-continuous arc column picture, after the peak current, the anode jet was more and more obvious, having a significant influence on the arc column plasma and cathode spots.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the anode vapor can enter the arc column region and form anode jet. If the arc current is large enough and the anode temperature is high enough, the anode jet will appear earlier [18], and be more intense. This balance will be researched by simulation in this paper.…”

Section: Influence Of the Anode Surface Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In vacuum arc (VA), when the arc current is very high (usually in the tens of kilo-ampere), the heat flux density injecting into an anode is larger and leads to a higher anode temperature with the increasing of current. The strong anode evaporation drives the evaporated atoms from the anode surface to the arc column. Simultaneously, the anode evaporated atoms impact with the cathode plasma, and then the micro processes as ionization and recombination between anode atoms and plasma will happen. In this paper, the two fluid three-dimensional (3D) magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) model of VA considering ionization and recombination processes is built, and the influence of the anode vapor and its micro processes on the arc column is obtained by solving the two fluid MHD equations, which control anode neutral atoms and cathode plasma, respectively. In the model, the ionization of neutral atoms and the recombination of ions are both considered, the mass, momentum and energy exchange caused by the ionization and recombination processes are also considered. Moreover, the influence of ionization and recombination processes on the electromagnetic process of VA is also considered in the model. By numerical simulation, the anode vapor distribution, cathode plasma distribution and VA distribution, such as density, temperature, pressure, etc, are all obtained, and the parameters related to ionization and recombination processes are also obtained. When the anode temperature is high enough, the anode neutral vapor will enter into the arc column, and strong ionization happens at the interface between anode vapor and cathode plasma. Then, the anode vapor will be quickly ionized (usually smaller than a few microseconds) and generate a lot of ions (usually higher than 1021 m−3 orders of magnitude). The anode neutral vapor has the same temperature with the anode surface, which is much lower than the temperature of the arc column, so the anode neutral vapor obviously has a cooling effect on the arc column. Whether anode neutral vapor will enter into the arc column or not, is determined by the balance between anode neutral vapor and cathode plasma.

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Anode Phenomena in Electrical Arcs

Beilis

2020

Plasma and Spot Phenomena in Electrical Arcs

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Photographic appearance of high-current vacuum arcs prior to and during anode spot formation

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

Anode jet in a high-current vacuum arc

Modeling and simulation of high-current vacuum arc considering the micro process of anode vapor

Anode Phenomena in Electrical Arcs

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