Photogrammetric Correlation of Face with Frontal Radiographs and Direct Measurements

Abstract

Introduction: Photogrammetry is a science of making measure ments from photographs. As cephalometric analysis till date has focused mainly on skeletal relationships, photogrammetry may provide a means to reliably assess and compare soft tissue and hard tissue measurements.

Photogrammetric reliability of frontal facial photographs with radiographs and anthropometric measurements

“…To evaluate feasibility and determine reliability between frontal photographs and cephalograms, a pilot study was conducted in mid-2016. 16 Statistically insignificant differences were found between frontal photographic, radiographic and anthropometric measurements. Subjects between 18 and 25yrs were included as there would be no variability due to aging.…”

التداول بالعقود المستقبلية للتحوط من مخاطر تقلبات الأسعار- بالتطبيق على عينة من الشركات المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية

“…Nikon D7100, 24.1 megapixels camera was used in its manual position, to keep the natural proportions, a 100 mm focal lens was chosen, the shutter speed was 1/125 per second and the opening of the aperture was f/2.8 (Fernández-Riveiro et al, 2003). To get a clear photo, the participant was positioned at a standard distance of 5 feet (150 cm) from the center of the camera lens (Negi et al, 2017). The participants were photographed in Natural Head Position (NHP).…”

“…Also, the modified protractor adapted to a plumb line to evaluate head posture was placed at the nose tip and soft tissue pogonion and the head was adjusted so that the interpupillary line parallel and the plumb line at a 90-degree angle to the floor. (Negi et al, 2017). Teeth in centric relation and lips should be relaxed as in their natural position during the day.…”

Facial morphology analysis in osteogenesis imperfecta types I, III and IV using computer vision

“…To validate our novel approach, we compared the results of our proposed morphological analysis with facial ratios analyses commonly used in orthodontics. 15 Four facial ratios were measured (Equation 2) biocular width to bitemporal width (Ratio 1), bimandibular width to bitemporal width (Ratio 2), bitemporal width to facial height (Ratio 3) and lower face height (LFH) (Figure 1B). The study's groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with…”