Photoexcited phytochrome B interacts with brassinazole resistant 1 to repress brassinosteroid signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Dong, Hongmin; Liu, Jie; He, Guanhua; Liu, Pan; Sun, Jiaqiang

doi:10.1111/jipb.12822

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…DELLA repression is alleviated by GA-mediated DELLA degradation in persistent shade conditions. Besides DELLAs, various active photoreceptors have also been shown to inhibit the activity of BZR1, ARF and PIF [37][38][39]. Active BZR1, ARF and PIF target many shared and unique target genes, including genes involved in auxin inactivation and transport, as well as gibberellin synthesis and cell growth [36,40].…”

Section: Photoreceptors To Sense Temperature and Light Quality Quantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoreceptors Regulate Plant Developmental Plasticity through Auxin

Küpers

Oskam

Pierik

2020

Plants

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Light absorption by plants changes the composition of light inside vegetation. Blue (B) and red (R) light are used for photosynthesis whereas far-red (FR) and green light are reflected. A combination of UV-B, blue and R:FR-responsive photoreceptors collectively measures the light and temperature environment and adjusts plant development accordingly. This developmental plasticity to photoreceptor signals is largely regulated through the phytohormone auxin. The phytochrome, cryptochrome and UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors are inactivated in shade and/or elevated temperature, which releases their repression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor (PIF) transcription factors. Active PIFs stimulate auxin synthesis and reinforce auxin signalling responses through direct interaction with Auxin Response Factors (ARFs). It was recently discovered that shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and petiole hyponasty depend on long-distance auxin transport towards target cells from the cotyledon and leaf tip, respectively. Other responses, such as phototropic bending, are regulated by auxin transport and signalling across only a few cell layers. In addition, photoreceptors can directly interact with components in the auxin signalling pathway, such as Auxin/Indole Acetic Acids (AUX/IAAs) and ARFs. Here we will discuss the complex interactions between photoreceptor and auxin signalling, addressing both mechanisms and consequences of these highly interconnected pathways.

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Section: Photoreceptors To Sense Temperature and Light Quality Quantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These transcription factors together with their DELLA repressor constitute the BZR-ARF-PIF/DELLA (BAP/D) module (Figure 1) [36]. Similar to PIF and ARF, the third TF of this group, BZR1, is also inactivated upon light-activation of phyB and cry [37][38][39].…”

Section: Photoreceptor Control Of the Bap/d Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreceptors Regulate Plant Developmental Plasticity through Auxin

Küpers

Oskam

Pierik

2020

Plants

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“…A group of SINAT E3 ligases, on the contrary, are involved in degrading nonphosphorylated BES1 protein in the light [86]. In addition to light-controlled protein abundance of BES1 and BZR1, recent studies demonstrated that light negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of BES1 and BZR1 [88][89][90]92]. When illuminated by red and blue light, respectively, phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) interact specifically with nonphosphorylated BES1 and BZR1.…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When illuminated by red and blue light, respectively, phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) interact specifically with nonphosphorylated BES1 and BZR1. This light-dependent interaction leads to the inhibition of BES1 and BZR1 DNA-binding activity and ultimately the expression of their target genes [88][89][90]92]. Moreover, blue light-activated CRY1 also interacts with BIN2 and thus enhances the interaction between BIN2 and BZR1.…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the transcription level, it has been reported that PP2A phosphatases can promote BR signaling by dephosphorylating BES1 and BZR1, whereas 14-3-3 and BRZ-SENSITIVE-SHORT HYPOCOTYL1 (BSS1) negatively regulate BR signaling by inhibiting the translocation of BES1 and BZR1 from the cytosol to the nucleus [81][82][83]. Besides, protein degradation of BES1 and/or BZR1 has been reported to be regulated by many factors, including an F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH LOCUS2 (MAX2), ubiquitin E3 ligases such as PLANT U-BOX40 (PUB40), CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and SINA of Arabidopsis thaliana (SINATs), photoreceptors such as UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8), CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1) and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB), and an autophagy receptor DOMINANT SUPPRESSOR OF KAR2 (DSK2) [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. Moreover, BES1 and BZR1 were reported to be oxidized by ROS (e.g., H 2 O 2 ) and reduced by a thioredoxin TRXh5 [94].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms of Brassinosteroid-Mediated Responses to Changing Environments in Arabidopsis

2020

IJMS

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Plant adaptations to changing environments rely on integrating external stimuli into internal responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of growth-promoting phytohormones, have been reported to act as signal molecules mediating these processes. BRs are perceived by cell surface receptor complex including receptor BRI1 and coreceptor BAK1, which subsequently triggers a signaling cascade that leads to inhibition of BIN2 and activation of BES1/BZR1 transcription factors. BES1/BZR1 can directly regulate the expression of thousands of downstream responsive genes. Recent studies in the model plant Arabidopsis demonstrated that BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, especially the regulatory components BIN2 and BES1/BZR1, are finely tuned by various environmental cues. Here, we summarize these research updates and give a comprehensive review of how BR biosynthesis and signaling are modulated by changing environments and how these changes regulate plant adaptive growth or stress tolerance.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2737 3 of 20 BR signal cascade by phosphorylating BR SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and CDG1, two receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) that are anchored to the cell membrane [59,60]. Activated CDG1 can subsequently phosphorylate and activate a protein phosphatase BSU1, which then dephosphorylates and inactivates a GSK3 kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) [60][61][62]. BIN2 is a negative regulator in the BR signaling pathway because it phosphorylates and destabilizes two well-characterized downstream transcription factors, BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) and BRSSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), and presumably other four members of their entire subfamily [63][64][65][66][67]. BR-induced BIN2 inactivation allows the accumulation of nonphosphorylated BES1 and BZR1 in the nucleus, thereby promoting expression of thousands of their target genes [62,68]. The intensity of BR signaling can be controlled at multiple levels (Figure 2). At the receptor level, the function of BRI1 can be post-translationally regulated by PUB12/13-directed ubiquitination, PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation, BKI1-mediated kinase inhibition, and BIK1-and BIR3-mediated competition for the coreceptor BAK1 [69][70][71][72][73]. At the BIN2 level, it has been reported that BIN2 is regulated by OCTOPUSor POLAR-mediated membrane sequestration, HDA6-mediated deacetylation, KIB1-mediated ubiquitination, TTL-enhanced interaction with BSU1, ABI1/2-mediated dephosphorylation, and ROS (reactive oxygen species)-mediated oxidation [74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. At the transcription level, it has been reported that PP2A phosphatases can promote BR signaling by dephosphorylating BES1 and BZR1, whereas 14-3-3 and BRZ-SENSITIVE-SHORT HYPOCOTYL1 (BSS1) negatively regulate BR signaling by inhibiting the translocation of BES1 and BZR1 from the cytosol to the nucleus [81][82][83]. Besides, protein degradation of BES1 and/or BZR1 has been reported to be regulated by many factors, including an F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH LOCUS2 (MAX2), ubiquitin E3 ligases suc...

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slim shady is a novel allele of PHYTOCHROME B present in the T‐DNA line SALK_015201

Dash

McEwan²,

Montes

et al. 2021

Plant Direct

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Auxin is a hormone that is required for hypocotyl elongation during seedling development. In response to auxin, rapid changes in transcript and protein abundance occur in hypocotyls, and some auxin responsive gene expression is linked to hypocotyl growth. To functionally validate proteomic studies, a reverse genetics screen was performed on mutants in auxin‐regulated proteins to identify novel regulators of plant growth. This uncovered a long hypocotyl mutant, which we called slim shady , in an annotated insertion line in IMMUNOREGULATORY RNA‐BINDING PROTEIN ( IRR ). Overexpression of the IRR gene failed to rescue the slim shady phenotype and characterization of a second T‐DNA allele of IRR found that it had a wild‐type (WT) hypocotyl length. The slim shady mutant has an elevated expression of numerous genes associated with the brassinosteroid‐auxin‐phytochrome (BAP) regulatory module compared to WT, including transcription factors that regulate brassinosteroid, auxin, and phytochrome pathways. Additionally, slim shady seedlings fail to exhibit a strong transcriptional response to auxin. Using whole genome sequence data and genetic complementation analysis with SALK_015201C, we determined that a novel single nucleotide polymorphism in PHYTOCHROME B was responsible for the slim shady phenotype. This is predicted to induce a frameshift and premature stop codon at leucine 1125, within the histidine kinase‐related domain of the carboxy terminus of PHYB, which is required for phytochrome signaling and function. Genetic complementation analyses with phyb‐9 confirmed that slim shady is a mutant allele of PHYB . This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in seedling development, by furthering our understanding of how light signaling is linked to auxin‐dependent cell elongation. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of confirming the genetic identity of research material before attributing phenotypes to known mutations sourced from T‐DNA stocks.

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Photoexcited phytochrome B interacts with brassinazole resistant 1 to repress brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Photoreceptors Regulate Plant Developmental Plasticity through Auxin

Photoreceptors Regulate Plant Developmental Plasticity through Auxin

Molecular Mechanisms of Brassinosteroid-Mediated Responses to Changing Environments in Arabidopsis

slim shady is a novel allele of PHYTOCHROME B present in the T‐DNA line SALK_015201

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