Photoemissive, Photoconductive, and Optical Absorption Studies of Alkali-Antimony Compounds

Spicer, W. E.

doi:10.1103/physrev.112.114

Cited by 562 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the generation of hot electrons circumvents this limitation: hot electrons generated in one metal can tunnel through the thin insulating layer and be collected in the other metal contact, leading to a measurable photocurrent. Similar to the three-step model [56,57], the photoemission of carriers across a MIM diode can be described in a series of five steps [103] as depicted in the band diagram shown in Figure 3A. This is similar to the junctions in plasmonic nanogap antennas [110,113], where electrons can tunnel through the nanogap leading to photocurrent ( Figure 3B).…”

Section: Free-space Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The very first attempt to quantitatively describe the photon-induced emission of electrons from metals was made by Fowler [55] in the 1930s. Later in the 1950s, the overall hot electron generation and collection process was described by Spicer with an intuitive three-step model [56,57]: (1) hot electrons are generated in the metal through the absorption of photons, (2) a portion of the hot electrons diffuse to the metal-semiconductor interface before thermalization, and (3) hot electrons with sufficient energy and the correct momentum are injected into the conduction band of the semiconductor through internal photoemission. Therefore, the efficiency of hot carrier devices depends on the initial hot carrier distribution, the transport of the carriers, and the carrier collection efficiency.…”

Section: Internal Photoemissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection

2016

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Abstract:Although the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons was once thought to be only a parasitic process within the plasmonic and metamaterial communities, hot carriers generated from nonradiative plasmon decay offer new opportunities for harnessing absorption loss. Hot carriers can be harnessed for applications ranging from chemical catalysis, photothermal heating, photovoltaics, and photodetection. Here, we present a review on the recent developments concerning photodetection based on hot electrons. The basic principles and recent progress on hot electron photodetectors are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions are also discussed.

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Section: Free-space Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Internal Photoemissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection

2016

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“…Semiconductor photocathodes, in particular the negative-affinity ones, have very high QE, as high as 0.6 electrons per photon but long response times (>10 ps) [11]. Moreover, they are highly reactive and thus sensitive to the vacuum-environment quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Lorusso

Gontad

Perrone

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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We review the current status of metallic photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and we explore ways to improve the performance of these devices. PLD seems to be a very efficient and suitable technique for producing adherent and uniform thin films. Time-resolved mass spectrometric investigations definitively suggest that the deposition of high-purity metallic thin films should be carried out in ultrahigh vacuum systems and after a deep and careful laser cleaning of the target surface. Moreover, the laser cleaning of the target surface is highly recommended not only to remove the first contaminated layers but also to improve the quality of the vacuum by reducing the partial pressure of reactive chemical species as H 2 O, H 2 , and O 2 molecules. The challenge to realize high-purity Mg and Y thin films is very interesting for the photocathode R&D due to the good photoemission properties of these metals. Photocathodes based on Mg and Y thin films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques to derive the morphological and structural features, respectively. They were also tested in a photodiode cell to deduce the photoelectron properties. The quantum efficiency of such photocathodes was systematically improved by in situ laser cleaning treatments of the surface in order to remove the contaminated layers reaching, in this way, the quantum efficiency of the corresponding bulk materials.

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“…Usually, electron emission from GaAs photocathodes is described within the approach developed by Spicer [8]. Electrons in the conducting band diffuse to the cathode surface.…”

Section: Modeling Of Ultrashort Electron Bunchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pulsed spin polarized electron beams at the S-DALINAC

Espig¹,

Enders²,

Fritzsche³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of XVth International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets, and Polarimetry — PoS(PSTP2013)

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A source of polarized electrons has been implemented at the superconducting Darmstadt electron linac S-DALINAC. It uses photo emission from strained-layer superlattice-GaAs (SSL) and bulk-GaAs photocathodes, driven by either 3 GHz modulated diode lasers at 780 nm (high polarization) and 405 nm (unpolarized, high quantum efficiency) or a short-pulse Ti:Sapphire laser system at 780 nm. We present results from measurements with varying laser pulse lengths obtained using a pulse stretcher system and a single-mode fiber, yielding electron bunch lengths between 4 ps and 25 ps. The electron bunch length was determined using a chopper rf cavity and a slit system. The electron polarization along the temporal profile of the bunch was studied for SSL and bulk cathodes. The extracted data at low quantum efficiency require an extension of the model description for photo-emission from semiconductor cathodes.

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Photoemissive, Photoconductive, and Optical Absorption Studies of Alkali-Antimony Compounds

Cited by 562 publications

References 18 publications

Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection

Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection

Highlights on photocathodes based on thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Investigation of pulsed spin polarized electron beams at the S-DALINAC

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