Photoelectron spectroscopy study of the interactions between ErF3 dopants and Alq3 hosts for near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes

A Carbon Aerogel Lightweight Al Battery for Fast Storage of Fluctuating Energy

“…A large number of O-containing functional groups such as carboxyl sodium (─COO − Na + ), hydroxyl (─OH), and ether (C─O─C) were identified in the CNFs. [16,27,[31][32][33][34][35][36] This result of XPS is consistent with the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the CNF powder (Figure 1m). The absorption peak of the CNF at 3318 cm −1 is ascribed to the stretching vibration of the O─H bonds.…”

“…However, the peaks of C─O─Al at 530.2 eV in the O 1s spectrum and at 74.6 eV in the Al 2p spectrum were enhanced (Figure 3b,c). [16,35,42] Meanwhile, the peak of Al─Al was also observed at 72.9 eV in the Al 2p spectrum, [16] besides peaks of C─O─Al and Al─Cl (Figure 3c). The O-containing functional groups provide abundant anchor sites and induce uniform Al deposition on the CAF anode.…”

“…[16,32] In the O 1s spectrum, the peaks located at 530.5, 531.8, 533.0, and 534.9 eV were attributed to C─O─Na, O─H, C─O, and O─C═O (Figure 3b), respectively. [16,27,[31][32][33][34][35] In the Na 1s spectrum, a peak corresponding to Na + was observed at 1072.6 eV (Figure S17b, Supporting Information). [36] These results indicate that a large number of O-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl (─OH), ─COO − Na + , and ether (C─O─C) groups, existed in CAF anode.…”

“…The peak at 283.7 eV in C 1s spectrum and 530.5 eV in O 1s spectrum was attributed to C─O─Al (Figure 3b and Figure S17a, Supporting Information). [16,35] Notably, a significant peak at 75.0 eV appeared in the Al 2p spectrum, corresponding to Al─Cl (Figure 3c). [10,42] In the Cl 2 p spectrum (Figure S17c, Supporting Information), the peaks at 199.0 and 197.5 eV were also attributed to Al─Cl, [19,42] while the peaks at 200.4 and 201.9 eV were attributed to oxidized Cl (O─Al─Cl).…”