“…[16,32] In the O 1s spectrum, the peaks located at 530.5, 531.8, 533.0, and 534.9 eV were attributed to C─O─Na, O─H, C─O, and O─C═O (Figure 3b), respectively. [16,27,[31][32][33][34][35] In the Na 1s spectrum, a peak corresponding to Na + was observed at 1072.6 eV (Figure S17b, Supporting Information). [36] These results indicate that a large number of O-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl (─OH), ─COO − Na + , and ether (C─O─C) groups, existed in CAF anode.…”