“…12 Dependence of the ELA on the polar-molecule orientation and packing density has also been reported [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , and connection to device applications has been demonstrated. [23][24][25] Hosokai et al, who compared the as-grown (AG) and annealed (AN) chlorogallium-phthalocyanine (ClGaPc) films grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), reported large band bending of the HOMO state for the AG films with a stacked bilayer structure, but this band bending could be suppressed in the AN films because of the formation of a uniform Cl-up configuration after the thermal treatment; 13 the substrate, HOPG, was however fairly inert in this case, and charge transfer at the organic/metal interface was expected to be minimal.…”