Photoelectrochemical properties of doped polyaniline: Application to hydrogen photoproduction

Belabed, C.; Abdi, Abderrezak; Benabdelghani, Z.; Rekhila, G.; Etxeberria, Agustín; Trari, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.03.085

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rhodamine B and Methylene blue), which involves the oxidation of water to OH radicals 45,60 . In the present case, since the water oxidation requires holes with a higher oxidation potential, holes photogenerated in PANI are not able to perform the water oxidation reaction by themselves 68 . Therefore, the here reported results suggest that the main role of PANI, in the system PANI/TiO 2 for the PEC water oxidation, is as sensitizer of TiO 2 NPs in the UV light by significantly increasing charges separation, electrons transport and collected photoelectrons, and indirectly contributing to the generation of O 2 (in a synergic reaction mechanism that involve photogenerated TiO 2 holes, see Figure 6), which result in an improved photocatalytic activity.…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Tio 2 and Pani-tio mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…On the other hand, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the LSV measurements, i.e. the voltage corresponding to J = 0, is an approximated measure of the flat band potential (E FB ) 70 , which is close to the CB in n-type semiconductors such as the titania 71 and to the VB in p-type semiconductors such as the PANI 68 .…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Tio 2 and Pani-tio mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the TiO 2 -PANI solid interphase a p-n junction is formed 68 . Since the TiO 2 CB is close to the HOMO (VB) of PANI in the ES form 30 , the PANI/TiO 2 flat band potential remains close to that of the TiO 2 film (see Figure 5a).…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Tio 2 and Pani-tio mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

et al. 2015

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ARTICLE This journal isAmong conductive polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has been widely used to improve electronic conductivity, solar energy transfer and photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 , due to its easiness of preparation and excellent environmental stability. In this study, a green and low-cost synthesis procedure was developed for the preparation of PANI-TiO 2 nanocomposite films. A non-toxic and low-cost polymerization route, starting from aniline dimer and polystyrene sulphonate as emulsioning/doping agent in water, was employed to synthesize the conductive form of PANI (emeraldine salt, ES). Anatase TiO 2 nanocrystalline mesoporous films were prepared by a novel and green sol-gel spin coating method, which employs titanium tetraisopropoxide, acetic acid and a nonionic surfactant (Tween 20) in excess of water, avoiding the use of flammable solvents. Uniform PANI-TiO 2 composite films, containing PANI in either ES or pernigraniline base (PB) forms, i.e. PANI/TiO 2 and PANIox/TiO 2 , respectively, were then prepared by a simple impregnation method. The films were characterized by means of XRD, ATR, FESEM and TEM techniques and their photocatalytic activity was assessed using them as photoelectrochemical water splitting photoanodes. Both PANI/TiO 2 and PANIox/TiO 2 showed an enhanced water oxidation efficiency under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight irradiation, reaching about 2 and 1.6 fold higher photocurrent densities, respectively, than a pure TiO 2 nanoparticles film. They also demonstrated good stability after several hours of operation. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and IPCE analysis reveal the main role of PANI, in the system PANI/TiO 2 for the PEC water oxidation, is as sensitizer of TiO 2 in the UV light by significantly increasing charges separation, electrons transport and collected photoelectrons, indirectly contributing to the generation of O 2 . Indeed, PANI-ES photogenerated e-are transferred to the TiO 2 conduction band while its h+ can react with OH-to produce OH radicals that generate H 2 O 2 , which can subsequently be photooxidized on the TiO 2 NPs surface generating more O 2 than such produced by the direct water oxidation on the TiO 2 holes.

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Section: Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Tio 2 and Pani-tio mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Tio 2 and Pani-tio mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

et al. 2015

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“…Belabed and co-workers [57] modified TiO 2 with an emeraldine salt PANI coating in the ratio of 1:1 of PANI-TiO 2 catalyst for investigation of H 2 production from water under illumination with light (29 mW cm −2 ). The results demonstrated H 2 evolution at a higher rate for PANI-TiO 2 than for PANI alone in a control (Fig.…”

Section: Solar Water Splitting Using Polyanilinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. [57] sensitization of the TiO 2 film with PANI and indicated an increase in the optical absorption of TiO 2 in the visible region. The PEC activity of both TiO 2 and PANI/ TiO 2 composite films was studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).…”

Section: Solar Water Splitting Using Polyanilinementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Conducting Polymers in Solar Water-Splitting Catalysis

Alsultan

Ranjbar

Swiegers

et al. 2016

Industrial Applications for Intelligent Polymers and Coatings

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Water splitting is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is separated into its constituent materials, oxygen and hydrogen. Hydrogen is widely considered to be an ideal fuel of the future due to its potential to replace fossil fuels. The key to an energy-efficient water-splitting process lies in catalysts that can carry out the water oxidation and reduction reactions with minimal energy losses. Conducting polymers are attractive materials for this technology and application because they may combine several desirable properties, including electronic conduction, ionic conduction, sensor functionality, and electrochromism. In this chapter, water splitting assisted by or driven by illumination with sunlight and involving conducting polymers is reviewed. The properties of conducting polymers that make them favorable for this purpose are also discussed. Comparisons of these properties with those of conventional water-splitting materials are made. Finally, a statement of research and achievements of solar hydrogen production through water splitting using conductive polymers will be reported.

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Effect of plasmonic au nanoparticles on the photoactivity of polyaniline/indium tin oxide electrodes for water splitting

Rabia

Abukhadra

Ahmed

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Three nanomaterials based on polyaniline (PANI) are prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) and applied as electrodes for H2 generation due to the water‐splitting process. PANI/ITO films are prepared using oxidation polymerization method at 25°C, then coated with Au nanoparticles with different thicknesses (sputter time from 1 to 2 min). The three prepared electrodes; PANI/ITO (Electrode (0), 1‐min‐Au/PANI/ITO (Electrode (I)), and 2‐min‐Au/PANI/ITO (Electrode (II)) are compared for H2 generation from H2O. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses have been carried out, in which the average PANI crystal size was ~20 nm. Moreover, the bandgaps were determined, in which 2‐min‐Au/PANI/ITO has the optimum bandgap of 2.25 eV. The characteristic behavior of the H2 generation took place depending on the current density (Jph) value by using Jph–V and Jph–time study. Also, the incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and the applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) were calculated for the Electrode (II) at 25°C. The optimum IPCE and ABPE efficiency were 18.7 and 0.99%, respectively, at 390 nm. By increasing the temperature to 70°C, the IPCE efficiency increases to about 37%. Finally, activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) were determined, in which the values were 24.32 kJ mol−1, 10.90 kJ mol−1, and 74.99 J K−1 mol−1, respectively. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019

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Photoelectrochemical properties of doped polyaniline: Application to hydrogen photoproduction

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Application of Conducting Polymers in Solar Water-Splitting Catalysis

Effect of plasmonic au nanoparticles on the photoactivity of polyaniline/indium tin oxide electrodes for water splitting

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Photoelectrochemical properties of doped polyaniline: Application to hydrogen photoproduction

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO2 nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO2 nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Application of Conducting Polymers in Solar Water-Splitting Catalysis

Effect of plasmonic au nanoparticles on the photoactivity of polyaniline/indium tin oxide electrodes for water splitting

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Product

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Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Green and low-cost synthesis of PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous films for photoelectrochemical water splitting